Diyarbakır ilinde mısır bitkisinde zararlı yaprak piresi Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin, 1947 (Hem.:Cicadellidae)'ın biyolojisi ve yumurta parazitoiti Anagrus atomus L. (Hym.:Mymaridae) ile arasındaki ilişkiler
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma 2010-2013 yılları arasında Diyarbakır ilinde mısır bitkisinde zararlı yaprakpiresi Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin, 1947 (Hem.: Cicadellidae)? ın biyolojisi ve yumurta parazitoiti Anagrus atomus L. (Hym.: Mymaridae) ile arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Z. sohrab?ın alternatif konukçuları, ana ve ikinci ürün mısırdaki populasyon gelişimi, doğada yıl boyunca vermiş olduğu döl sayısı, üç farklı sıcaklıktaki (20, 25, 30± 1 °C, % 65 ± 5 nem, 16:8 aydınlık/karanlık) bazı biyolojik parametreleri ile yumurta parazitoiti A. atomus. ile arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda parazitoitin ana ve ikinci üründeki popülasyon gelişimi, doğal parazitleme oranları ile üç farklı sıcaklıktaki parazitleme gücü belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Z. sohrab?ın ilkbaharda doğaya çıktıktan sonra dar yapraklı yabancıotlardan en fazla Sorhgum halepense (Kanyaş) üzerinde beslendiği, birinci dölünü burada verdikten sonra ana ürün mısıra geçtiği ve bir yıl boyunca toplam beş döl verdiği belirlenmiştir. Zyginidia sohrab popülasyonunun ana ürün mısırda çok yoğun olmadığı ancak ikinci ürün mısırda 2-4 yapraklı dönemden itibaren önemli olduğu, bu dönemde artmaya başlayarak olgunlaşma döneminde en üst seviyeye ulaştığı ve sıcaklık faktörünün Z. sohrab popülasyon yoğunluğuna olumlu, yüksek nemin ise olumsuz etkide bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. A. atomus popülasyonu Z. sohrab yoğunluğuna bağlı ana üründen başlayarak artışa geçmiş, olgunlaşma döneminde ise en yüksek düzeye ulaşmıştır. Parazitlenme oranı ana üründe %75, ikinci ürün mısırda %98?e kadar ulaşmıştır. Zyginidia sohrab yumurtaları 20, 25, 30 °C sıcaklıkta sırasıyla 14.44±0.40, 11.12±0.45, 8.54±0.14 günde açılmış, toplam nimf gelişme süresi ise sırasıyla 24.6±0.20, 15.2±0.17, 13.1±0.15 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Ergin dişi ömrü en fazla 20 °C?de (77.1±23.7 gün), 25 °C?de ise 59.9±19.6 gün en az ise 30 °C?de (46.05±18.24 gün) olmuştur. Bu süre içinde Z. sohrab?ın en fazla yumurtayı 25 °C sıcaklıkta bırakmış (94.9±33.8 adet), bunu 20 °C?de (88.0±34.5 adet), 30 °C sıcaklığın (64.6±19.6 adet) ile takip etttiği belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet oranlarının (?/?) her üç sıcaklıkta da hemen hemen aynı olduğu (1:1.2, 1:1.2, 1:1.3) sıcaklığın bu oranlar üzerinde bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. En fazla nimf ölüm oranı 20 °C?de %30.5 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Kalıtsal üreme yeteneği (rm) en fazla 30 °C sıcaklıkta (0.1341) gerçekleşmiş, net üreme yeteneği (Ro) ise en fazla 25 °C sıcaklıkta 94.8 olarak gerçekleşmiş, ortalama döl süresi ise en az 30 °C?de 31.08 gün olarak belirlenmiştir.
This study was carried out in order to determine the biology of Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin, 1947 (Hem.: Cicadellidae) a harmful leafhopper on maize plant and relations between its egg parasitoid Anagrus atomus L (Hym.: Mymaridae) in Diyarbakir province between 2010 and 2013. The alternative hosts of Z. sohrab, its population development on early and second crop maize, the number of generations per year in nature, some biological parameters under controlled conditions (20± 1, 25± 1, 30± 1 °C temperature, % 65 ± 5 humidity, 16:8 dayt/night) and relationship between its egg parasitoid A. atomus were studied. In this framework, the parasitoid?s population development, natural parasitation rate on early and second crop maize and its parasitization rate under the controlled conditions at three different temperatures were determined. At the end of the study, it was determined that Z. sohrab gives its first generation on Sorhgum halepense (Johnson Grass) in spring, one of the weeds with which it mostly feeds then passes to early crop maize and gives a total of five generations in a year. It was found out that the population density of Z. sohrab is not so important for the early crop maize but it is important for second crop maize following 2-4 leaf stage its population reached to peak level at the maturity stage on second crop maize and temperature factor effects the population density positively while humidity factor effected negatively. The population of A. atomus increased depending on the density of Z. sohrab population starting from early crop maize and reached to peak level at the maturity stage of maize and the parasizitation rate reached up to 75% on early crop, 98% on second crop maize. It was determined that incubation periods were 14.44±0.40, 11.12±0.45, 8.54±0.14 days, nymph development periods were 24.6±0.20, 15.2±0.17, 13.1±0.15 days respectively at 20, 25, 30 °C. The adult female life time was longest at the 20 °C (77.1±23.7 days), the shortest (46.05±18.24 days) at 30 °C while it was 59.9±19.6 days at 25 °C. In its total life time, the females laid 94.9±33.8 eggs at 25 °C, 88.0±34.5 eggs at 20 °C and 64.6±19.6 eggs at 30 °C. It was also determined that the sex ratios (?/?) were the same (1:1.2, 1:1.2, 1:1.3) at the three temperatures respectively and the temperature had not an effect on these rates. The nymphal mortality rate was 30.5% at 20 °C. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was maximum (0.1341) at 30 °C, net reproductive rate (Ro) was maximum 94.8 at 25 °C and the mean generation time was minumum (31.08 days) at 30 °C.
This study was carried out in order to determine the biology of Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin, 1947 (Hem.: Cicadellidae) a harmful leafhopper on maize plant and relations between its egg parasitoid Anagrus atomus L (Hym.: Mymaridae) in Diyarbakir province between 2010 and 2013. The alternative hosts of Z. sohrab, its population development on early and second crop maize, the number of generations per year in nature, some biological parameters under controlled conditions (20± 1, 25± 1, 30± 1 °C temperature, % 65 ± 5 humidity, 16:8 dayt/night) and relationship between its egg parasitoid A. atomus were studied. In this framework, the parasitoid?s population development, natural parasitation rate on early and second crop maize and its parasitization rate under the controlled conditions at three different temperatures were determined. At the end of the study, it was determined that Z. sohrab gives its first generation on Sorhgum halepense (Johnson Grass) in spring, one of the weeds with which it mostly feeds then passes to early crop maize and gives a total of five generations in a year. It was found out that the population density of Z. sohrab is not so important for the early crop maize but it is important for second crop maize following 2-4 leaf stage its population reached to peak level at the maturity stage on second crop maize and temperature factor effects the population density positively while humidity factor effected negatively. The population of A. atomus increased depending on the density of Z. sohrab population starting from early crop maize and reached to peak level at the maturity stage of maize and the parasizitation rate reached up to 75% on early crop, 98% on second crop maize. It was determined that incubation periods were 14.44±0.40, 11.12±0.45, 8.54±0.14 days, nymph development periods were 24.6±0.20, 15.2±0.17, 13.1±0.15 days respectively at 20, 25, 30 °C. The adult female life time was longest at the 20 °C (77.1±23.7 days), the shortest (46.05±18.24 days) at 30 °C while it was 59.9±19.6 days at 25 °C. In its total life time, the females laid 94.9±33.8 eggs at 25 °C, 88.0±34.5 eggs at 20 °C and 64.6±19.6 eggs at 30 °C. It was also determined that the sex ratios (?/?) were the same (1:1.2, 1:1.2, 1:1.3) at the three temperatures respectively and the temperature had not an effect on these rates. The nymphal mortality rate was 30.5% at 20 °C. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was maximum (0.1341) at 30 °C, net reproductive rate (Ro) was maximum 94.8 at 25 °C and the mean generation time was minumum (31.08 days) at 30 °C.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyoloji, Biology ; Ziraat
