Farklı bitki uçucu yağ ve ısothıocyanate'ların domates fungal hastalık etmeni Neoscytalidium dimidiatum'a karşı in vitro koşullarda antifungal etkilerinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Domates [Solanum lycopersicum L.], Türkiye'de en çok tüketilen sebzelerin başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae ve Apiaceae bitki familyasına ait 13 farklı bitki türünden elde edilen uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşenleri, uçucu yağlar ile farklı isothiocyanate (ITC) bileşiklerinin domateste sorun fungal hastalık etmeni Neoscytalidium dimidiatum'un in vitro koşullarda misel gelişiminin engellenmesi üzerine olan etkileri belirlenmiştir. GC-MS analizler sonucunda, carvacrol bileşeni Thymbra spicata var. spicata (Tss), Origanum syriacum (Os), Origanum onites (Oo), thymol bileşeni Thymus serpyllum (Tsr), terpinen-4-ol bileşeni Origanum majorana (Om), eucalyptol bileşeni Eucalytus camadulensis (Ec), Laurus nobilis (Ln) ve Rosmarinus officinalis (Ro), trans-caryophyllene bileşeni Salvia officinalis (So), trans-anethole bileşeni Foeniculum vulgare (Fv), α-pinene bileşeni Juniperus communis (Jc), linalyl acetate bileşeni Lavandula intermedia (Li), limonene bileşeni ise Lippia citridora (Lc) uçucu yağlarının ana bileşenleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Test edilen uygulamalar arasında Tss, Os, Oo, Lc ve Fv uçucu yağları 1.0-4.0 µl/petri dozlarında fungal etmenin misel gelişimini %100 engellemek suretiyle en yüksek antifungal etkinlik gösteren uçucu yağlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Ln ve Jc uçucu yağları diğer yağlara kıyasla nispeten düşük antifungal etkinlik göstermiştir (50 > µl/petri dozlarında). Test edilen ITC'lerin tamamı [methyl (MITC), allyl (AITC), ethyl (EITC) ve phenyl ethyl (PEITC) ITC] düşük dozlarda fungal etmenin gelişimini tamamen engellemiştir. ITC'ler arasında en yüksek antifungal etkinlik 10.0 µl/petri dozunda MITC tarafından gösterilmiş olup, bunu sırasıyla AITC (14.0 µl/petri), EITC (20.0 µl/petri) ve PEITC (24.0 µl/petri) uygulamaları takip etmiştir. Uçucu yağların minimum fungisidal engelleme dozlarına maruz bırakılmış fungus hiflerindeki morfolojik değişiklikler ışık mikroskopu ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan ışık mikroskop gözlemlerinde, T.spicata var. spicata, F. vulgare ve L. citridora uçucu yağlarının fungisidal dozlarına maruz bırakılan fungal hiflerinde boğumlaşma, şişme, sitoplazmik koagülasyon, hücre içeriğinin dışarı boşalması ve hiflerde erime şeklinde karakterize edilen morfolojik deformasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bitki uçucu yağları ve ITC bileşkilerinin Neoscytalidium dimidiatum'a karşı yüksek düzeyde antifungal etkinlik gösterdiği ilk kez bu çalışma ile ortya konulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar uçucu yağlar ve ITC'lerin hastalık etmenine karşı antifungal biyofungisit olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Tomatoes [Solanum lycopersicum L.], one of the most consumed vegetables in Turkey. In this study, chemical composition of essential oils from different plant species belonging to Lamiaceae, Lauraceae and Apiaceae families and antifungal activities of essential oils and isothiocyanate (ITC) were determined against fungal disease agent of tomato Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in vitro conditions. As a results of GC-MS analysis, the major constituents of the essential oils were determined as carvacrol in Thymbra spicata var. spicata (Tss), Origanum syriacum (Os), Origanum onites (Oo), thymol in Thymus serpyllum (Tsr), terpinen-4-ol in Origanum majorana (Om), eucalyptol in Eucalytus camadulensis (Ec), Laurus nobilis (Ln) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Ro), trans-caryophyllene in Salvia officinalis (So), trans-anethole in Foeniculum vulgare (Fv), α-pinene in Juniperus communis (Jc), linalyl acetate in Lavandula intermedia (Li) and limonene in Lippia citridora (Lc) essential oils respectively. Among the tested essential oils, Tss, Os, Oo, Lc and Fv essential oils were determined as the most effective essential oils by completely inhibiting mycelial growth at the concentrations of 1.0-4.0 µl/petri. Ln and Jc essential oils were determined as the least effective essential oils comparison to all essential oils (antifungal at >50 µl/petri concentrations). All ITC compounds [methyl (MITC), allyl (AITC), ethyl (EITC) and phenyl ethyl (PEITC)] were significantly inhibited mycelial growth of fungal agent at the considerably low concentrations. Among the ITC's tested, the highest inhibitory effect was shown by MITC (at 10.0 µl/petri) followed by AITC (14.0 µl/petri), EITC (20.0 µl/petri) and PEITC (24.0 µl/petri) respectively. The observations of the morphological changes in the fungal hyphae exposed to minimum inhibition fungicidal concentrations of essential oils were carried out by using light microscope. Morphological deformities characterized by knotting, swelling, cytoplasmic coagulation, ejaculation of cell contents and lyses were detected in fungal hyphae exposed to fungicidal concentrations of essential oils of T. spicata var. spicata, O. syriacum, F. vulgare and L. citridora following light microscopic observations. In conclusion, this is the first report of antifungal activities of plant essential oils and ITC compounds against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in vitro conditions. The findings of the present study suggest that essential oils and ITC have a potential to be used as antifungal agents against fungal disease agents.
Tomatoes [Solanum lycopersicum L.], one of the most consumed vegetables in Turkey. In this study, chemical composition of essential oils from different plant species belonging to Lamiaceae, Lauraceae and Apiaceae families and antifungal activities of essential oils and isothiocyanate (ITC) were determined against fungal disease agent of tomato Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in vitro conditions. As a results of GC-MS analysis, the major constituents of the essential oils were determined as carvacrol in Thymbra spicata var. spicata (Tss), Origanum syriacum (Os), Origanum onites (Oo), thymol in Thymus serpyllum (Tsr), terpinen-4-ol in Origanum majorana (Om), eucalyptol in Eucalytus camadulensis (Ec), Laurus nobilis (Ln) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Ro), trans-caryophyllene in Salvia officinalis (So), trans-anethole in Foeniculum vulgare (Fv), α-pinene in Juniperus communis (Jc), linalyl acetate in Lavandula intermedia (Li) and limonene in Lippia citridora (Lc) essential oils respectively. Among the tested essential oils, Tss, Os, Oo, Lc and Fv essential oils were determined as the most effective essential oils by completely inhibiting mycelial growth at the concentrations of 1.0-4.0 µl/petri. Ln and Jc essential oils were determined as the least effective essential oils comparison to all essential oils (antifungal at >50 µl/petri concentrations). All ITC compounds [methyl (MITC), allyl (AITC), ethyl (EITC) and phenyl ethyl (PEITC)] were significantly inhibited mycelial growth of fungal agent at the considerably low concentrations. Among the ITC's tested, the highest inhibitory effect was shown by MITC (at 10.0 µl/petri) followed by AITC (14.0 µl/petri), EITC (20.0 µl/petri) and PEITC (24.0 µl/petri) respectively. The observations of the morphological changes in the fungal hyphae exposed to minimum inhibition fungicidal concentrations of essential oils were carried out by using light microscope. Morphological deformities characterized by knotting, swelling, cytoplasmic coagulation, ejaculation of cell contents and lyses were detected in fungal hyphae exposed to fungicidal concentrations of essential oils of T. spicata var. spicata, O. syriacum, F. vulgare and L. citridora following light microscopic observations. In conclusion, this is the first report of antifungal activities of plant essential oils and ITC compounds against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in vitro conditions. The findings of the present study suggest that essential oils and ITC have a potential to be used as antifungal agents against fungal disease agents.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
