Hatay ilinde serbest gezinmeli sistemde (free range) üretim yapan işletmelerin analizi
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Tarih
2022
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Hatay ilinde serbest gezinmeli sistemde yumurta üretimi yapan üreticilerin mevcut durumlarını, gezinmeli üretim sisteminde karşılaştıkları sorunlarını, hibrit genotip tercihini etkileyen nedenleri tespit etmek, hastalık ve parazitlerle mücadele yöntemlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma serbest gezen sistemde üretim yapan toplam 26 işletmede yüz yüze anket yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm işletmelerde hayvanların tamamının gün boyu gezinme alanına çıkabildikleri gözlemlenmiş ancak hiçbir işletmede tavukların otlayabilecekleri ekili bir mera alanının olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin çoğunluğu (%84.6) yarka alarak üretim yapmaktadır. Üreticilerin %38.5'i yumurtayı marketlere, %19.2'si doğrudan tüketiciye ve %3.8'i ise toptan olacak şekilde yumurta pazarladıkları görülmüştür. Yumurtlama döneminde tavukların folluk dışında başka yerlere yumurtlaması çoğu işletme için önemli bir sorun olarak bildirilmiştir. İşletmelerin %50'sinin yaz döneminde kümes içi aşırı sıcaklık sorunu yaşamakta ve bu durumu engellemek için de doğal ve yapay havalandırma sistemi kullanmaktadır. Anket yapılan tüm işletmelerde birinci verim yılı sonunda herhangi bir tüy döküm yöntemi kullanmadıkları üreticilerin çok büyük kısmının üretim dönemi sonunda yeniden yarka satın alarak üretimi devam ettirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin %50'sinin her bir üretim döneminde üretime ilk başladıklarında satın aldıkları genotiple üretimlerini sürdürürken, diğer yarısı ilk üretim döneminde kullandıkları genotipleri değiştirmektedirler. Genotip değişikliğine gitmede yumurta veriminin düşük olması (%30.8), tüketicinin yumurta kabuk renk tercihi (%26.9), tüy çekme özelliği (%23.1) ve yüksek yem tüketimi (%15.4) gibi sebepler ön planda yer almıştır. Hayvan materyali teminde işletmelerin % 84.6'sı 12 ila 17 haftalık yaşta yarka, %11.5'i üç günlük yaşta civciv satın alarak ve %1.0'ı kuluçka işlemi sonucu kendi civcivini çıkarma şeklinde bir yol izlemektedir. İşletmelerin %76.9'unun kümesleri tam kapasite olarak kullanırken %23.1'i ekonomik nedenlerle (%50) tam kapasite kullanmamaktadır. Üreticiler tarafından üretimde kullandıkları genotiplerin verimleri veya tüy çekme gibi davranış özelliklerin yaygın olması (%13.1), yumurta fiyatlarındaki sürekli dalgalanma (%22.6), yem veya yem hammadde fiyatları (28.6) ile ilk yatırım masraflarının (%15.5) yüksekliği, her üretim döneminde satın alınan yarkaların canlı ağırlık bakımından uniform (%10.7) olmaması ve aşılı olup olmamasındaki belirsizlik (%8.3) ile arz talep dengesizliği en çok karşılaşılan sorunlar olarak bildirilmiştir.
In this study, it was aimed to reveal the current situation of the producers producing free range eggs in the province of Hatay, the problems they encounter in the wandering production system, to determine the reasons affecting the hybrid genotype preference, and to determine the methods of fighting against diseases and parasites. This study was carried out by conducting face-to-face surveys in a total of 26 enterprises that produce in the free-range system. It has been observed that all of the animals in all enterprises can go out to the crawling area during the day, but it has been determined that there is no cultivated pasture area where the chickens can graze. Most of the enterprises (84.6%) produce by taking pullets. It has been observed that 38.5% of the producers market eggs to markets, 19.2% to consumers directly and 3.8% to wholesale eggs. It has been reported as an important problem for most enterprises that hens lay eggs in places other than the nest during the laying period. 50% of the enterprises have excessive temperature problems in the henhouse during the summer period and they use natural and artificial ventilation systems to prevent this situation. At the end of the first yield year in all surveyed enterprises, it was determined that most of the producers, who did not use any molting method, continued production by purchasing pullets again at the end of the production period. While 50% of the enterprises continue their production with the genotype they purchased when they first started production in each production period, the other half change the genotypes they used in the first production period. Reasons such as low egg production (30.8%), eggshell color preference of the consumer (26.9%), hair pulling feature (23.1%) and high feed consumption (15.4%) were at the forefront of genotype change. In the supply of animal material, 84.6% of the enterprises buy pullets at the age of 12 to 17 weeks, 11.5% buy chicks at the age of three days, and 1.0% follow a way of hatching their own chicks as a result of the hatching process. While 76.9% of the enterprises use their poultry houses at full capacity, 23.1% do not use full capacity due to economic reasons (50%). The prevalence of the genotypes used by the producers in production or behavioral characteristics such as feathering (13.1%), the continuous fluctuation in egg prices (22.6%), the prices of feed or feed raw materials (28.6%) and the high initial investment costs (15.5%) The most common problems were reported as the fact that pullets taken were not uniform in terms of live weight (10.7%), and uncertainty about whether they were grafted or not (8.3%) and supply-demand imbalance.
In this study, it was aimed to reveal the current situation of the producers producing free range eggs in the province of Hatay, the problems they encounter in the wandering production system, to determine the reasons affecting the hybrid genotype preference, and to determine the methods of fighting against diseases and parasites. This study was carried out by conducting face-to-face surveys in a total of 26 enterprises that produce in the free-range system. It has been observed that all of the animals in all enterprises can go out to the crawling area during the day, but it has been determined that there is no cultivated pasture area where the chickens can graze. Most of the enterprises (84.6%) produce by taking pullets. It has been observed that 38.5% of the producers market eggs to markets, 19.2% to consumers directly and 3.8% to wholesale eggs. It has been reported as an important problem for most enterprises that hens lay eggs in places other than the nest during the laying period. 50% of the enterprises have excessive temperature problems in the henhouse during the summer period and they use natural and artificial ventilation systems to prevent this situation. At the end of the first yield year in all surveyed enterprises, it was determined that most of the producers, who did not use any molting method, continued production by purchasing pullets again at the end of the production period. While 50% of the enterprises continue their production with the genotype they purchased when they first started production in each production period, the other half change the genotypes they used in the first production period. Reasons such as low egg production (30.8%), eggshell color preference of the consumer (26.9%), hair pulling feature (23.1%) and high feed consumption (15.4%) were at the forefront of genotype change. In the supply of animal material, 84.6% of the enterprises buy pullets at the age of 12 to 17 weeks, 11.5% buy chicks at the age of three days, and 1.0% follow a way of hatching their own chicks as a result of the hatching process. While 76.9% of the enterprises use their poultry houses at full capacity, 23.1% do not use full capacity due to economic reasons (50%). The prevalence of the genotypes used by the producers in production or behavioral characteristics such as feathering (13.1%), the continuous fluctuation in egg prices (22.6%), the prices of feed or feed raw materials (28.6%) and the high initial investment costs (15.5%) The most common problems were reported as the fact that pullets taken were not uniform in terms of live weight (10.7%), and uncertainty about whether they were grafted or not (8.3%) and supply-demand imbalance.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
