Buğdayda kısıtlı sulamanın ve bitki organlarını gölgelemenin dane verimi ve verim öğelerine etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmanın amacı, WANA agro-klimatik bölgede yetiştirilen ve dane dolum döneminde su stresine maruz kalan buğdayda, farklı organlarda (başak kısımları, bayrak yaprağı, alt yapraklar) gerçekleşen fotosentetik aktivitenin yanı sıra hızlı dane büyüme dönemine kadar olan sürede üretilen rezerv kuru maddenin dane büyümesine etkisini, dolayısıyla verim için önemini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, bir adet ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L) çeşidi (Masaccio) ile Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tayfur Ata Sökmen yerleşkesinde serada saksı (86x38x30 cm) ortamında tesadüf parsellerinde bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı yürütülmüştür. Çiçeklenmeye kadar tüm saksılara eşit sulama yapılmıştır. Çiçeklenmede üç farklı toprak su seviyesi (I1: tarla kapasitesinin %10'u, I2: tarla kapasitesinin %30'u, I3: tarla kapasitesinin %50'si kaybolduğunda kaybolan suyun yerine konması) ve beş farklı gölgeleme uygulaması (hiç gölgeleme yok, başağın, bayrak yaprağın, başak + bayrak yaprağın, tüm bitkinin gölgelenmesi) yapılmıştır. Ekim öncesi her saksılara 80 kg ha-1 saf besin maddesine eşdeğer azot fosfor ve potasyum içeren kompoze gübre (15-15-15) toprağa karıştırılarak verilmiştir. Azotun geri kalan kısmı sapa kalkma dönemi ortasında 60 kg ha-1 hesabına uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, birim alan fertil başak sayısı su stresi artıkça artmış, buna karşın, başak dane sayısı, bin dane ağırlığı, başak dane verimi ve birim alan verimleri ise su stresi arttıkça azalmıştır. Bitki organlarında gölgelenmede su stresinde olduğu gibi başak dane sayısı, bin dane ağırlığı, başak verimi ve birim alan verimini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ayrıca başağın gölgelenmesi gerek bayrak yaprak, gerekse başak + bayrak yaprağın gölgelenmesine göre dane veriminde daha fazla kayba neden olmaktadır. Tüm bitkinin gölgelenmesi hiçbir gölgelemenin olmadığı duruma göre verimde %45,0 dolaylarında azalmaya neden olmuştur. Buna karşın, bu uygulamada hiçbir fotosentetik aktivitenin olmadığı düşünüldüğünde, sap rezervlerinin dane verimini yalnız başına oluşturmadığı görülmüştür. Bu durumda yaprak ve kök rezervlerinin de diğer önemli depo rezervleri olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bitki rezervlerinin dane veriminin oluşumunda ne kadar hayati bir role sahip oldukları bu çalışmayla bir kez daha teyit edilmiştir.
The aim of the study is to demonstrate the photosynthetic activity of wheat grown in WANA agro-climatic region and subjected to water stress during grain filling period, as well as the effect of dry matter produced in different organs (spike parts, flag leaves, lower leaves) on grain growth in the period up to the rapid grain growth period, and therefore its importance for yield. The study was conducted with three replication according to the experiment pattern of split plots in coincidence plots with one type of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) (Masaccio) in a potted greenhouse (86x38x30 cm) in the Tayfur Ata Sökmen campus of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University. All pots were equally irrigated until flowering. In bloom with three different soil water levels (I1: field capacity of 10%, I2: field capacity of 30%, I3: field capacity of 50%is lost when replacing lost water) and application of five different shading (no shading, no spike, no flag leaf, no spike + flag leaf, all shadowing) are reviewed. Before sowing, each potted plant was mixed with a composite fertilizer (15-15-15) containing nitrogen phosphorus and potassium equivalent to 80 kg ha-1 pure nutrient. The rest of the nitrogen was applied to the 60 kg ha-1 account in the middle of the liftoff period. At the end of the study, the number of individual spikes per unit increased as water stress increased, however, the number of spikes, the weight of a thousand grains, the yield of spikes and the yield of spikes per unit area decreased as water stress increased. As in water stress, shading in plant organs negatively affected the number of spike grains, weight of thousand grains, yield of spike grains and yield of grain in the unit area. In addition, both flag leaf and ear + flag leaf shade of the spike is more loss in grain yield than causes. Shading of the whole plant caused a decrease in grain yield around 45,0%according to the situation where there is no shading. However, considering that there is no photosynthetic activity in this application, it has been observed that sap reserves do not constitute grain yield alone. The result was that leaf and root reserves were also other important storage reserves. The vital role of plant reserves in the formation of grain yield has been confirmed once again by this study.
The aim of the study is to demonstrate the photosynthetic activity of wheat grown in WANA agro-climatic region and subjected to water stress during grain filling period, as well as the effect of dry matter produced in different organs (spike parts, flag leaves, lower leaves) on grain growth in the period up to the rapid grain growth period, and therefore its importance for yield. The study was conducted with three replication according to the experiment pattern of split plots in coincidence plots with one type of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) (Masaccio) in a potted greenhouse (86x38x30 cm) in the Tayfur Ata Sökmen campus of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University. All pots were equally irrigated until flowering. In bloom with three different soil water levels (I1: field capacity of 10%, I2: field capacity of 30%, I3: field capacity of 50%is lost when replacing lost water) and application of five different shading (no shading, no spike, no flag leaf, no spike + flag leaf, all shadowing) are reviewed. Before sowing, each potted plant was mixed with a composite fertilizer (15-15-15) containing nitrogen phosphorus and potassium equivalent to 80 kg ha-1 pure nutrient. The rest of the nitrogen was applied to the 60 kg ha-1 account in the middle of the liftoff period. At the end of the study, the number of individual spikes per unit increased as water stress increased, however, the number of spikes, the weight of a thousand grains, the yield of spikes and the yield of spikes per unit area decreased as water stress increased. As in water stress, shading in plant organs negatively affected the number of spike grains, weight of thousand grains, yield of spike grains and yield of grain in the unit area. In addition, both flag leaf and ear + flag leaf shade of the spike is more loss in grain yield than causes. Shading of the whole plant caused a decrease in grain yield around 45,0%according to the situation where there is no shading. However, considering that there is no photosynthetic activity in this application, it has been observed that sap reserves do not constitute grain yield alone. The result was that leaf and root reserves were also other important storage reserves. The vital role of plant reserves in the formation of grain yield has been confirmed once again by this study.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
