Bazı yerel çeşitlere Gemlik zeytin (Olea europaea L.) çeşidinin anaç olarak kullanım olanaklarının incelenmesi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma; üreticilerimizin ihtiyaç duyduğu fidanların temini konusunda karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne katkı sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gemlik zeytin çeşidinin Halhalı, Kilis Yağlık, Sarı Haşebi ve Saurani zeytin çeşitlerine anaç olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada yama aşı yöntemi kullanılmış olup Halhalı/Gemlik, Sarı Haşebi/Gemlik, Saurani/Gemlik, Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik ve Gemlik/Gemlik (kontrol) aşı kombinasyonları oluşturulmuştur. En yüksek aşı tutma oranı (%75.0) Halhalı/Gemlik kombinasyonunda en düşük aşı tutma oranı (%25.0) Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik kombinasyonunda gerçekleşmiştir. Aşı kombinasyonlarında; Halhalı ve Sarı Haşebi çeşitleri 1. boy, Saurani ve Kilis Yağlık çeşitleri 2. boy fidan oluşturmuştur. Aşı noktasından mikrotomla alınan 25-40 mikron kalınlığında kesitler safranin ile boyanmıştır. Kalıcı preparatlarda yapılan mikroskobik gözlemlerde; anaç ile kalem arasındaki kallus dokusu, kallus dokusu içindeki nekrotik tabakaların yoğunluğu, kambiyum dokusunun oluşumu ve kambiyal devamlılık, kambiyal farklılaşma ve yeni iletim dokularının oluşumu incelenmiştir. Aşı bölgesinin histolojik olarak incelenmesinde; 3. ayda kallus hücreleri gelişmiş, kambiyum oluşumu başlamış ve vasküler bağlantı kurulmuştur. 6. ayda aşı kombinasyonlarında nekrotik alanlar görülmüş fakat doku sürekliliği ve iletim demetlerinin oluştuğu gözlemlenmiştir. 9 ayda vasküler gelişimin devam ettiği fakat Saurani/Gemlik ve Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik kombinasyonlarında yavaş geliştiği belirlenmiştir. 12. ayda nekrotik alanların parçalandığı iletim demetlerinin geliştiği ve aşı geçirgenliğinde bir sorun bulunmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Sağlıklı bir aşı birlikteliği kurulmuştur. Aşı bölgesindeki fenolik bileşikler istatistiksel olarak p< 0.01 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Aşı bölgesinden alınan kabuk örneklerinde; protokateşik asit (253.1 µg/g), kuersetin (293.7 µg/g) ve kafeik asit (46.4 µg/g) miktarları aşı noktasının üstünde; p-kumarik asit (14.1 µg/g), ferulik asit (159.6 µg/g) ve rutin trihidrat (202.8 µg/g) miktarları ise aşı noktasının altında daha yüksek belirlenmiştir. Tüm kombinasyonlarda şeker miktarı aşı noktasının altında daha yüksek belirlenmiştir. Aşı noktasında nişasta birikimi olmadığı anaç ve kalemin aynı oranda boyandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Gemlik zeytin çeşidinin Halhalı, Sarı Haşebi, Saurani ve Kilis Yağlık zeytin çeşitleri için anaç olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Ancak Saurani ve Kilis Yağlık çeşitlerinde fidanlardaki gelişme geriliği ve aşı tutma oranının düşüklüğü nedeniyle dikkatli davranılması gerekmektedir. İncelenen kombinasyonların gecikmiş aşı uyuşmazlığı riskine karşı deneme parsellerinde birkaç yıl daha gözlemlenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
This study; was made to contribute to the solution of the problems experienced in supplying the saplings by farmers. It was aimed to determine the potential of Gemlik olive variety to be used as rootstock for Halhalı, Sarı Haşebi, Saurani and Kilis Yağlık olive varieties. Patch graft method was used in the study and Halhalı/Gemlik, Sarı Haşebi/Gemlik, Gemlik/Gemlik (control), Saurani/Gemlik and Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik graft combinations be constituted. The highest graft retention rate (75%) was in the Halhalı/Gemlik combination and the lowest graft retention rate (25%) was in the Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik combination. In graft combinations Halhalı and Sarı Haşebi varieties reproduced first quality sapplings and Saurani and Kilis Yağlık varieties reproduced second quality saplings. 25-40 micron thickness sections taken from the grafting point with a microtome were stained with safranin. In the microscopic observations made in the permanent preparations; the callus tissue between the rootstock and the scion, the density of the necrotic layers within the callus tissue, the formation of the cambium tissue and cambial continuity, cambial differentiation and the formation of new transmission tissues were examined. In histological examination of the grafting area; In the 3rd month, callus cells developed, cambium formation began and vascular connection was established. At 6 months, necrotic areas were observed in the graft combinations, but tissue continuity and vascular bundles were observed to form. It was determined that vascular development continued in 9 months, but developed slowly in Saurani/Gemlik and Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik combinations. In the 12th month, it was observed that necrotic areas were disintegrated, vascular bundles developed and there was no problem with graft permeability. A healthy graft association has been established. Phenolic compounds in the graft area showed statistically significant differences at the p< 0.01 level. In the shell samples taken from grafting site; the amounts of protocatechic acid (253.1 µg/g), quercetin (293.7 µg/g) and caffeic acid (46.4µg/g) were above the grafting point; the amounts of p-coumaric acid (14.1 µg/g), ferulic acid (159.6 µg/g) and routine trihydrate (202.8 µg/g) were determined higher below the grafting point. In all combinations, the amount of sugar (HPLC) was determined to be higher below the grafting point. It was observed that there was no starch accumulation at the grafting point, and the rootstock and scion were coloration at the same rate. It has been determined that Gemlik olive variety can be used as rootstock for Halhalı, Sarı Haşebi, Saurani and Kilis Yağlık olive varieties. However, in Saurani and Kilis Yağlık varieties, caution must be taken due to the growth retardation in the saplings and the low graft retention rate. It is thought that the combinations examined should be observed for a few more years in the experimental plots against the risk of delayed graft incompatibility.
This study; was made to contribute to the solution of the problems experienced in supplying the saplings by farmers. It was aimed to determine the potential of Gemlik olive variety to be used as rootstock for Halhalı, Sarı Haşebi, Saurani and Kilis Yağlık olive varieties. Patch graft method was used in the study and Halhalı/Gemlik, Sarı Haşebi/Gemlik, Gemlik/Gemlik (control), Saurani/Gemlik and Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik graft combinations be constituted. The highest graft retention rate (75%) was in the Halhalı/Gemlik combination and the lowest graft retention rate (25%) was in the Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik combination. In graft combinations Halhalı and Sarı Haşebi varieties reproduced first quality sapplings and Saurani and Kilis Yağlık varieties reproduced second quality saplings. 25-40 micron thickness sections taken from the grafting point with a microtome were stained with safranin. In the microscopic observations made in the permanent preparations; the callus tissue between the rootstock and the scion, the density of the necrotic layers within the callus tissue, the formation of the cambium tissue and cambial continuity, cambial differentiation and the formation of new transmission tissues were examined. In histological examination of the grafting area; In the 3rd month, callus cells developed, cambium formation began and vascular connection was established. At 6 months, necrotic areas were observed in the graft combinations, but tissue continuity and vascular bundles were observed to form. It was determined that vascular development continued in 9 months, but developed slowly in Saurani/Gemlik and Kilis Yağlık/Gemlik combinations. In the 12th month, it was observed that necrotic areas were disintegrated, vascular bundles developed and there was no problem with graft permeability. A healthy graft association has been established. Phenolic compounds in the graft area showed statistically significant differences at the p< 0.01 level. In the shell samples taken from grafting site; the amounts of protocatechic acid (253.1 µg/g), quercetin (293.7 µg/g) and caffeic acid (46.4µg/g) were above the grafting point; the amounts of p-coumaric acid (14.1 µg/g), ferulic acid (159.6 µg/g) and routine trihydrate (202.8 µg/g) were determined higher below the grafting point. In all combinations, the amount of sugar (HPLC) was determined to be higher below the grafting point. It was observed that there was no starch accumulation at the grafting point, and the rootstock and scion were coloration at the same rate. It has been determined that Gemlik olive variety can be used as rootstock for Halhalı, Sarı Haşebi, Saurani and Kilis Yağlık olive varieties. However, in Saurani and Kilis Yağlık varieties, caution must be taken due to the growth retardation in the saplings and the low graft retention rate. It is thought that the combinations examined should be observed for a few more years in the experimental plots against the risk of delayed graft incompatibility.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mühendislik Bilimleri, Engineering Sciences
