Seçilmiş dişi defne (Laurus nobilis L.) genotiplerinde meyve özellikleri ile meyve yağının ontogenetik varyabilitesinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ülkemizde, özellikle Akdeniz, Ege ve Karadeniz bölgelerinde yoğun şekilde bulunan defne (Laurus nobilis L.), Hatay florasında da yaygın bir şekilde elde edilmektedir. Hatay ilinde defne meyvelerinden elde edilen yağ genel olarak sabun üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bölge halkının kültüründe yer etmiş, kullanım alanı ve ekonomik getirisi yüksek bir tür olan defnede önceki araştırmalar neticesinde seçilmiş genotiplerin meyve ve yağ özellikleri açısından tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, çalışmada Hatay'ın Samandağ ve Yayladağı ilçelerinden ön seleksiyonla seçilmiş 27 dişi defne genotipinin farklı hasat dönemlerindeki (Eylül, Ekim, Kasım ve Aralık aylarında) meyve ve yağ kaliteleri üç tekrarlamalı olarak iki yıl süre ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca genotiplerin çiçeklenme zamanları, yaprak büyüklükleri ve klorofil içerikleri de belirlenmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde, genotiplerin 19 adet genotipin Nisan ayında, 8 adet genotipin ise Mayıs ayında çiçeklendiği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan ölçümlerde meyve eni 9,28-12,90 mm, meyve boyu 12,50-23,68 mm, meyve ağırlığı 0,80-1,77 g ve çekirdek ağırlığının 0,41-1,26 g aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Defne meyvelerinin içerdikleri yağ oranları farklı hasat dönemlerine göre önemli bir değişiklik göstermemiştir. Bununla birlikte genotipler arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiş ve genotiplerin sabit yağ oranları hasat dönemlerine göre %19,99 ile %32,74 arasında değişmiştir. GC/MS analizlerine göre sabit yağların ana bileşenleri ise; oleik asit (%29,92 – 38,46), laurik asit (%10,75 – 18,69), palmitik asit (%16,31 – 21,97) ve linoleik asit (%20,94 – 24,95) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sabit yağ oranı yüksek olarak belirlenen ER14 (%32,74), ER16 (%31,52) ve ER12 (%30,47) genotipleri ümitvar genotipler olarak belirlenmiştir.
The laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), which is densely found in the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea regions in Turkey, is widely spread in the flora of Hatay and the oil obtained from the bay laurel fruits is generally used in soap production. The aim of the study was to determine the candidates of superior varieties among 27 female bay laurel genotypes determined by pre-selection in flora of Samandağ and Yayladağı in Hatay province and to determine the effects of different harvest periods (September, October, November and December) on fruit and fruit oil quality. The trials were conducted in three replications for two years. Leaf areas and chlorophyll contents of genotypes were also determined in the study. As a result of the research, it was determined that 19 genotypes were flowered in April and 8 genotypes were flowered in May. In the measurements, it was found that the fruit width was 9,28-12,90 mm, the fruit length was 12,50-23,68 mm, the fruit weight was 0,80-1,77 g and the seed weight was in the range of 0,41-1,26 g. The oil content of laurel fruits did not change significantly according to different harvest periods. However, significant differences were determined between genotypes and fixed oil ratios of genotypes ranged between 20,34% and 32,74% according to harvest periods. According to GC/MS analysis, the main components of fixed oils are; oleic acid (29,92% - 38,46%), lauric acid (10,75 – 18,69%), palmitic acid (16,31 – 21,97%) and linoleic acid (20,94 – 24,95%), ER14 (32,74%), ER16 (31,52%) and ER12 (30,47%) genotypes with high fixed oil content were identified as promising genotypes.
The laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), which is densely found in the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea regions in Turkey, is widely spread in the flora of Hatay and the oil obtained from the bay laurel fruits is generally used in soap production. The aim of the study was to determine the candidates of superior varieties among 27 female bay laurel genotypes determined by pre-selection in flora of Samandağ and Yayladağı in Hatay province and to determine the effects of different harvest periods (September, October, November and December) on fruit and fruit oil quality. The trials were conducted in three replications for two years. Leaf areas and chlorophyll contents of genotypes were also determined in the study. As a result of the research, it was determined that 19 genotypes were flowered in April and 8 genotypes were flowered in May. In the measurements, it was found that the fruit width was 9,28-12,90 mm, the fruit length was 12,50-23,68 mm, the fruit weight was 0,80-1,77 g and the seed weight was in the range of 0,41-1,26 g. The oil content of laurel fruits did not change significantly according to different harvest periods. However, significant differences were determined between genotypes and fixed oil ratios of genotypes ranged between 20,34% and 32,74% according to harvest periods. According to GC/MS analysis, the main components of fixed oils are; oleic acid (29,92% - 38,46%), lauric acid (10,75 – 18,69%), palmitic acid (16,31 – 21,97%) and linoleic acid (20,94 – 24,95%), ER14 (32,74%), ER16 (31,52%) and ER12 (30,47%) genotypes with high fixed oil content were identified as promising genotypes.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
