Meyve suyunda çoklu enzim kullanımı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada amilaz, pektinaz ve selülaz enzimleri kalsiyum alginat kompozit jeline hapsetme ve kitosan, silikajel ve arakol ile modifiye edilmiş silika jel desteklerine kovalent bağlama olmak üzere 4 yöntemle ko-immobilize edilmiştir. Ko-immobilize örneklerin enzim aktiviteleri ayrı ayrı belirlendiğinde silikajele kovalent ko-immobilize edilen örneğin en yüksek etkinlik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Sonraki aşamada Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi (YYY) ile ko-immobilizasyonda kullanılan enzim miktarları (100-200-300 U), ko-immobilize örneklerin substratla etkileşim süresi (60-120-180 dk) ve sıcaklığı (20-35-50 C) optimize edilmiştir. YYY Design Expert 8.0.7.1 (Seri No: 0021-6578) programı ile 3 faktörlü Box-Behnken tasarımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Program tarafından 17 çalışma seti oluşturulmuş ve substrat olarak %0,1 pektin, %0,1 nişasta ve %0,05 selüloz içeren çözelti kullanılmıştır. 17 çalışmanın her biri için reaksiyon süresi sonunda indirgen şeker derişimi, 650 nm'de absorbans (A650) ve viskozite olmak üzere 3 yanıt ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen yanıtlar program tarafından işlendiğinde, herbir yanıt için model analizi, ANOVA analizi, yüzey grafikleri ve tahmini değer-gerçek değer grafikleri elde edilmiştir. YYY ile yapılan analizlerin sonucunda bulanıklıkla ilişkili A650 değerinin kuadratik, indirgen şeker derişiminin ise lineer modellerle tahminlenebileceği; incelenen parametrelerin viskozite üzerinde etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ko-immobilize örnekler substrat çözelti ile kesikli ve geri beslemeli dolgu yataklı kolon reaktörlerde etkileştirilerek reaksiyon süresine bağlı indirgen şeker derişimi ve A650 değerleri izlenmiş ve kesikli reaktör etkinliğinin daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Son olarak taze sıkılan elma, armut ve üzüm suları ön filtrasyon sonrasında kesikli reaktör sisteminde ko-immobilize enzimlerle etkileştirilip zamana bağlı indirgen şeker derişimlerinin arttığı ve A650 değerlerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.
In this study, amylase, pectinase and cellulase enzymes were co-immobilized by four methods namely entrapment into calcium alginate-chitosan composite gel, covalent bonding onto chitosan, silica gel and spacer-arm modified silica gel. It was determined that, co-immobilized samples onto silica gel showed the highest efficiency when compared their individual activities. In the latter stage, enzyme amounts (100-200-300 U) used in co-immobilization studies, reaction time (60-120-180 min) and temperature (20-35-50 C) of co-immobilized samples used with substrate were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was carried out by Design Expert 8.0.7.1 (Seri No: 0021-6578) programe using 3 factors Box-Behnken design. 17 of working sets were constructed by the programe and substrate solution which contained 0.1 % starch, 0.1% pectin and 0.05% cellulose was used. Three responses were measured namely reducing sugar concentration, absorbance value at 650 nm (A650) and viscosity for each 17 studies. When responses were evaluated by the programe, model analysis, ANOVA analysis, surface diagrams and actual-predicted value graphics were obtained for each responses. By the means of RSM, it was determined that, A650 values which were related with turbidity can be predicted by quadratic model while reducing sugar by linear model; yet there is no effect of investigated parameters on viscosity. Reducing sugar concentration and A650 values depending on reaction time were monitorized by interaction of co-immobilized samples with substrate solution at batch type and recycled packed bed column reactors and it was found that the efficieny of batch type reactor was higher. Finally, freshly squeezed apple, pear and grape juices were interacted with co-immobilized samples after pre-filtration and it was observed that reducing sugar concentration increased and A650 values decreased depending on reaction time.
In this study, amylase, pectinase and cellulase enzymes were co-immobilized by four methods namely entrapment into calcium alginate-chitosan composite gel, covalent bonding onto chitosan, silica gel and spacer-arm modified silica gel. It was determined that, co-immobilized samples onto silica gel showed the highest efficiency when compared their individual activities. In the latter stage, enzyme amounts (100-200-300 U) used in co-immobilization studies, reaction time (60-120-180 min) and temperature (20-35-50 C) of co-immobilized samples used with substrate were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was carried out by Design Expert 8.0.7.1 (Seri No: 0021-6578) programe using 3 factors Box-Behnken design. 17 of working sets were constructed by the programe and substrate solution which contained 0.1 % starch, 0.1% pectin and 0.05% cellulose was used. Three responses were measured namely reducing sugar concentration, absorbance value at 650 nm (A650) and viscosity for each 17 studies. When responses were evaluated by the programe, model analysis, ANOVA analysis, surface diagrams and actual-predicted value graphics were obtained for each responses. By the means of RSM, it was determined that, A650 values which were related with turbidity can be predicted by quadratic model while reducing sugar by linear model; yet there is no effect of investigated parameters on viscosity. Reducing sugar concentration and A650 values depending on reaction time were monitorized by interaction of co-immobilized samples with substrate solution at batch type and recycled packed bed column reactors and it was found that the efficieny of batch type reactor was higher. Finally, freshly squeezed apple, pear and grape juices were interacted with co-immobilized samples after pre-filtration and it was observed that reducing sugar concentration increased and A650 values decreased depending on reaction time.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kimya, Chemistry
