Yeni viral etmenlerin kiraz ağaçlarında (Prunus avium L.) yüksek kapasiteli dizileme ile saptanması, biyolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması ve organik kiraz bahçelerinde taranması
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Tarih
2022
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma kapsamında, önemli kiraz üretiminin yapıldığı İzmir, Konya Bursa, Osmaniye, Antalya illerinden temin edilen kiraz örneklerinde ve Niğde ilinde organik yetiştiriciliğin yapıldığı kirazlarda kiraz Türkiye virüsünün (cherry virus Turkey, CVTR) yaygınlık durumunun RT-PCR analizleri ile saptanması ve CVTR'nin biyolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, virüs-benzeri simptom gösterdiği halde bilinen etmenlerin saptanamadığı kiraz örneklerinin yüksek kapasiteli dizileme yöntemi ile analiz edilmesi ve belirlenen yeni virüslerin yaygınlık oranının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bunun yanında, organik ve geleneksel tarım yapılan kiraz bahçelerindeki viral etmenlerin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında İzmir, Konya Bursa, Osmaniye, Antalya illerinde ve organik kiraz yetiştiriciliği yapılan Niğde ilinden virüs benzeri simptom gösteren toplam 259 kiraz örneği toplanmıştır. Osmaniye ili Bahçe ilçesinden alınan yoğun virüs simptomlarının gözlendiği 28 kiraz örneği virion-associated nucleic acids (VANA) ekstraksiyon ve Illumina dizileme yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, cherry latent virus-1 (CLV-1)'in tüm genomu elde edilmiş olup, bu virüs RT-PCR analizleri ile doğrulanmıştır. Bu örneklerde ayrıca cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) ve cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) virüsleri de tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamındaki tüm kiraz örneklerinin RT-PCR analizleri sonucunda CLV-1 %23,9, CVTR %19,17, CGRMV %10,4, CNRMV %3,86, oranında saptanmıştır. CVTR'nin biyolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması amacıyla Kuş kirazı anacı, Early Burlat, Kwanzan, Ziraat 0900 ve Regina kiraz çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Odunsu bitkilere aşılama çalışmalarında, ilk yıl yapılan aşılamalarda aşıyla taşınma oranı %100 bulunurken, bu bitkilerden alınan aşı gözleriyle izleyen yıl yapılan aşılamalarda ise bu oran %43,24 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Otsu bitkilere mekanik inokulasyon çalışmaları 3 farklı dönemde Nicotiana benthamiana, N. occidentalis, N. tabacum cv. xanthi, N. tabacum var. white burley, N. glutinosa, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus var. philadelphia, Solanum lycopersicum, bitkilerine toplam yapılmış ve her dönemde bitkiler CVTR'ye karşı RT-PCR ile testlenmiştir. Testlenen tüm bitkiler CVTR için negatif olarak saptanmıştır. Niğde ilinde organik kiraz yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı 5 bahçeden virüs simptomları gözlenen 27 örnek toplanmış ve CVTR, CLV-1, CGRMV, CNRM'nin yanı sıra kiraz ağaçlarında yaygın görülen PPV, PDV, PNRSV ACLSV ve ApMV virüsleri açısından da RT-PCR analizleri ile testlenmiştir. Testlenen örneklerin %37,03 oranında CVTR, %25,9 oranında CLV-1, %11,11 oranında CGRMV ve %7,4 oranında CNRMV ile enfekteli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kiraz ağaçlarında yaygın görülen virüslerden, PDV %14,8 ve PNRSV %3,7 oranında saptanmış olup PPV, ACLSV, ApMV açısından örnekler negatif bulunmuştur.
Within the scope of this study, the prevalence of cherry virus Turkey (cherry virus Turkey, CVTR) in cherry samples obtained from İzmir, Konya, Bursa, Osmaniye, Antalya provinces where significant cherry production is made, and in cherry trees where organic cultivation is carried out in the province of Niğde, were determined by RT-PCR analyzes and the biological properties CVTR were investigate. In addition, it was aimed to analyze the cherry samples, in which the known agents could not be detected even though they showed virus-like symptoms, with the High throughput sequencing method and to determine the prevalence rate of the new viruses identifiedviruses. Beside this, a comparison of viral agents in organic and conventional cherry orchards was made. Within the scope of this study, a total of 259 cherry samples showing virus-like symptoms were collected from İzmir, Konya, Bursa, Osmaniye, Antalya provinces and from Niğde province, where organic cherry cultivation is carried out. Intense virus symptoms showing 28 cherry samples from Bahçe district of Osmaniye province were analyzed using virion-associated nucleic acids (VANA) extraction and illumina sequencing method. As a result of the analysis, the copmlete genome of cherry latent virus-1 (CLV-1) was obtained and this virus was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGMMV) and cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) were also detected in these samples. As a result of RT-PCR analyzes of all cherry samples within the scope of the study, CLV-1 was determined as 23.9%, CVTR 19.17%, CGRMV 10.4%, CNRMV 3.86%. In order to investigate the biological properties of CVTR, Prunus padus rootstock, Early Burlat, Kwanzan, Ziraat 0900 and Regina cherry cultivars were used. In the grafting studies on woody plants, graft transmission rate was found to be 100% in the first year, while this rate was 43.24% in the grafting made with the buds taken from these plants in the following year. Mechanical inoculation studies were performed in 3 different periods on Nicotiana benthamiana, N. occidentalis, N. tabacum cv.xanthi, N. tabacum var. white burley, N. glutinosa, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus var. philadelphia, Solanum lycopersicum plants, and all plants were tested against CVTR by RT-PCR in each period. All inoculated test plants were found negative for CVTR. Virus symptoms exhibits 27 samples were collected from 5 organic cherry orchards in Niğde province and were tested with RT-PCR analyses for CVTR, CLV-1, CGRMV, CNRM, as well as PPV, PDV, PNRSV, ACLSV and ApMV viruses which were found prevalently in cherry trees. It was determined that the tested samples were infected with CVTR 37.03%, CLV-1 25.9%, CGRMV 11.11% and CNRMV 7.4%. Among the viruses common in cherry trees, PDV was detected at 14.8% and PNRSV at 3.7, and all samples were negative for PPV, ACLSV and ApMV.
Within the scope of this study, the prevalence of cherry virus Turkey (cherry virus Turkey, CVTR) in cherry samples obtained from İzmir, Konya, Bursa, Osmaniye, Antalya provinces where significant cherry production is made, and in cherry trees where organic cultivation is carried out in the province of Niğde, were determined by RT-PCR analyzes and the biological properties CVTR were investigate. In addition, it was aimed to analyze the cherry samples, in which the known agents could not be detected even though they showed virus-like symptoms, with the High throughput sequencing method and to determine the prevalence rate of the new viruses identifiedviruses. Beside this, a comparison of viral agents in organic and conventional cherry orchards was made. Within the scope of this study, a total of 259 cherry samples showing virus-like symptoms were collected from İzmir, Konya, Bursa, Osmaniye, Antalya provinces and from Niğde province, where organic cherry cultivation is carried out. Intense virus symptoms showing 28 cherry samples from Bahçe district of Osmaniye province were analyzed using virion-associated nucleic acids (VANA) extraction and illumina sequencing method. As a result of the analysis, the copmlete genome of cherry latent virus-1 (CLV-1) was obtained and this virus was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGMMV) and cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) were also detected in these samples. As a result of RT-PCR analyzes of all cherry samples within the scope of the study, CLV-1 was determined as 23.9%, CVTR 19.17%, CGRMV 10.4%, CNRMV 3.86%. In order to investigate the biological properties of CVTR, Prunus padus rootstock, Early Burlat, Kwanzan, Ziraat 0900 and Regina cherry cultivars were used. In the grafting studies on woody plants, graft transmission rate was found to be 100% in the first year, while this rate was 43.24% in the grafting made with the buds taken from these plants in the following year. Mechanical inoculation studies were performed in 3 different periods on Nicotiana benthamiana, N. occidentalis, N. tabacum cv.xanthi, N. tabacum var. white burley, N. glutinosa, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus var. philadelphia, Solanum lycopersicum plants, and all plants were tested against CVTR by RT-PCR in each period. All inoculated test plants were found negative for CVTR. Virus symptoms exhibits 27 samples were collected from 5 organic cherry orchards in Niğde province and were tested with RT-PCR analyses for CVTR, CLV-1, CGRMV, CNRM, as well as PPV, PDV, PNRSV, ACLSV and ApMV viruses which were found prevalently in cherry trees. It was determined that the tested samples were infected with CVTR 37.03%, CLV-1 25.9%, CGRMV 11.11% and CNRMV 7.4%. Among the viruses common in cherry trees, PDV was detected at 14.8% and PNRSV at 3.7, and all samples were negative for PPV, ACLSV and ApMV.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
