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Öğe 45S5 Bioactive Glass-Ointment Positively Effects on Wound Healing in Rats by Regulating TNF?, Il-10, VEGF, and TGF?(Wiley, 2024) Kirgiz, Omer; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Ozkan, Huseyin; Han, Mehmet Cengiz; Akcakavak, Goekhan; Ozarslan, Ali Can; Yucel, SevilAimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 45S5 bioactive glass-ointment (BG) on cutaneous wound healing in rats at the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological levels.Materials and MethodsThirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): Control, Sham, BG, and DEX (Dexpanthenol). While no wound treatment was applied to the CONTROL, a wound model was created in the Sham, and no treatment was applied. A wound model was created for other groups, and BG and DEX were applied locally for 21 days. During the 21-day experiment period, feed and water consumption and weight changes were observed. Wound areas were calculated on days 0, 3, 7, 4, and 21. Following treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissues from the wound area and blood samples were collected. While the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), Interleukin 6 (IL6), Interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes were determined by qPCR, the levels of TNF alpha, IL6, and IL10 proteins were measured by ELISA.ResultsIt was observed that the BG group showed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing TNF alpha levels and stimulating IL-10. In addition, it was determined that BG increased fibroblast activity and vascularization.ConclusionCurrent findings showed that topical application of BG has anti-inflammatory effects, while also accelerating healing by increasing vascularity and making positive contributions to tissue healing. This study investigates the effects of topical application of 45S5 bioactive glass-ointment (BG) on wound healing in rats at the molecular and histopathological levels. The findings demonstrate that BG exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, enhances vascularization, accelerates healing, and contributes positively to tissue repair.imageÖğe CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER DECREASES THE LEVEL OF S-100B PROTEIN AFTER MIDDLE CEREBRAL AFTER OCCLUSION IN RABBITS(Univ Karachi, 2009) Serarslan, Yurdal; Bal, Ramazan; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Kontas, Tuenay; Melek, Ismet MuratEffects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the serum S-100B levels were studied as an index for brain damage after permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rabbits. Twenty rabbits were divided into four groups (n=5): control, sham, non-treatment and CAPE. The right MCA was occluded using a microsurgical procedure with bipolar coagulation and was then transected in non-treatment and CAPE groups. The rabbits in the sham group underwent a surgical procedure but the MCA was not occluded. No surgery was performed in the control group. CAPE was administered after MCA occlusion at the dose of 10 mu g/kg, once a day intraperitoneally for 7 days in the CAPE group. Serum S-100B levels were determined on days 1, 2, 4 and 7. Serum S-100B level was significantly increased following permanent MCA occlusion. Posttreatment of CAPE significantly reduced the serum S-100B level. This study demonstrated that CAPE is capable of attenuating increased serum S-100B level induced by MCA occlusion in rabbits. CAPE may be useful as a neuroprotective agent.Öğe Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects rabbit brains against permanent focal ischemia by antioxidant action: A biochemical and planimetric study(Elsevier, 2008) Altug, Muhammed Enes; Serarslan, Yurdal; Bal, Ramazan; Kontas, Tuenay; Ekici, Fatih; Melek, Ismet M.; Aslan, HueseyinThe present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has a protective effect on brain injury after focal permanent cerebral ischemia, and to determine the possible antioxidant mechanisms. Cerebral infarction in adult male New Zealand rabbits was induced by microsurgical procedures producing right focal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). CAPE was administered to the treatment group after pMCAO at a dose of 10 mu mol kg(-1) once a day intraperitoneally for 7 days. Neurological deficits were evaluated, using a modified six-point scale. Spectrophotometric assay was used to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and xanthine oxidase (XO). In the ipsilateral hemisphere, the infarct volume of the brain was assessed in brain slices stained with heamatoxylen and eosin. The results showed that treatment with CAPE significantly reduced the percentage of infarction in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the ischemia group. CAPE treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of plasma MDA, CAT and XO content (p < 0.05), whereas it significantly increased the levels of plasma GSH and NO (p < 0.05). Therefore, subacute CAPE administration plays a protective role in focal pMCAO due to attenuation of lipid peroxidation and its antioxidant activity. All of these findings suggest that CAPE provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury through its antioxidant action. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Chewing Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera) Detected in Wild Birds in Hatay, Tiirkiye, a New Record of the Colpocephalum ecaudati Price and Beer from Black Kite (Milvus migrans)(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2024) Zerek, Aykut; Erdem, Ipek; Yaman, Mehmet; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Dik, BilalThis study was carried out to determine chewing lice species of the wild birds, which were brought to the Veterinary Health, Practice and Research Center and Wild Animal Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, between May 2018 -August 2022. For this purpose, 75 wild birds injured or sick, which needed medical treatment when they arrived at the hospital, were examined for chewing lice. A total of 356 lice specimens were collected, representing 148 males, 157 females and 51 nymphs. The majority of the bird lice collected (317 out of 356) belonged to Amlyceran suborder, while a small number of them (39 out of 356) were obtained in the Ischnoceran suborder. Piagetiella titan (47.8%) detected in Pelecanus onocrotalus was the most common louse species. This was followed by Laemobothrion maximum (16.0%) detected in Clanga pomarina, Buteo rufinus, Circaetus gallicus. Ciconiphilus quadripustulatus (16.0%), Neophilopterus incompletus (10.4%) and Colpocephalum zebra (7.3%) species were detected in Ciconia ciconia. Other species (Colpocephalum ecaudati, Colpocephalum nanum, Pectinopygus forficulatus) were in small numbers (2.5%). Colpocephalum ecaudati found on black kite (Milvus migrans) was reported for the first time in Tiirkiye. The results of this study contributed to the lice fauna obtained from wild birds in Tiirkiye.Öğe The comparison of macroscopic and histologic healing of side-to-side (SS) tenorrhaphy technique and primer tendon repair in a rabbit model(Springer, 2014) Dogramaci, Yunus; Uruc, Vedat; Ozden, Raif; Duman, Ibrahim Gokhan; Kalacı, Aydıner; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Isler, Cafer TayarThe side-to-side (SS) tenorrhaphy technique has been used in tendon transfer surgery. The mechanical properties of SS tendon suture have been studied previously. However, the histo-pathological healing of the SS tenorrhaphy of the tendons is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the gross and histological effects of SS tenorrhaphy in a rabbit model. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were used. The extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior tendon were sewed SS at the level distal to the ankle joint. The patellar tendon (PT) at the same side was used as control group. A unilateral midline incision was made and repaired with a single suture. The animals were killed at the 12th week postoperatively. The histological sections were obtained from the side of surgery from each group. Each sample was stained with hematoxylene and eosin (H&E). Gross and microscopic healing was compared between the two groups. Gross examination of the control group showed complete healing with a thin peri-tendinous sheath formation around the suture site, whereas in the study group, a thick peri-tendinous sheath was formed around the area of the tendon-tendon anastomosis. In the control group, at the 12th week after surgery, the healing was almost completed in all samples. In the study group, a thick fibro vascular sheath has formed around the side of anastomosis. In all specimens few inter-digitations were observed between the tendons;however, the trough was still present. The result of the current study showed that histological healing and union of SS tenorrhaphy differ from that in primary tendon injury and healing. Further studies are required to clarify the healing stages at the tenorrhaphy site.Öğe Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Plasma Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Status and Nitric Oxide Levels in Incisional Wound Model(Deri Zuhrevi Hastaliklar Dernegi, 2007) Serarslan, Gamze; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Kontas, TunayBackground and Design: Wound healing is a complex pathophysiologic process involving interplay of several cellular and biochemical processes. Several natural products have been shown to accelerate the healing process in studies. In this study we aimed to determine the efficacy of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is an extract of honeybee propolis on wound healing in rats. Materials and Methods: Fourty male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups as treatment (n=20) and control (n=20) group. A linear full thickness incision was performed on the back of each rat and sutured. After incision, during the study period CAPE was administered to the treatment group and saline was administered to the control group every day. Bloods of 5 animals from each group were collected on the experiment days of 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th for biochemical analysis. Results: A significant increase in glutathione and nitric oxide levels and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activities in CAPE group were detected when compared to the control group. Conclusion: In the study it determined that CAPE showed an antioxidant effect on wound healing and suppressed lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, because of these properties, CAPE may be useful in wound healing.Öğe Effect of the N-acetylcysteine and selenium on healing of experimental maxillary sinusitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus(Academic Journals, 2012) Akoglu, Ertap; Hakverdi, Sibel; Kontas, Tunay; Duran, Nizami; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Okuyucu, SemsettinThe purpose of this controlled-randomised study was aimed to test the antioxidative effect of the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and selenium on healing of Staphylococcus aureus sinusitis. After experimental sinusitis, 30 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups; group A was treated with Ampicillin/sulbactam and physiological saline. Group B and C were treated with NAC and selenium in addition to Ampicillin/sulbactam, respectively. The measurements were repeated at the 3rd and 10th day. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutases (SOD) activities at the 3rd day of experiment were higher than basal levels in all groups. These levels at the 10th day were lower than those of the 3rd day in groups B and C, significantly. The severity of the grade of inflammation and epithelial changes were significant between the infected and control side, but no significant change was found among the groups. S. aureus sinusitis causes to increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood. These increased levels of ROS can be neutralized in some degree by antioxidative effects of NAC and selenium which are supplemented to standard antibiotic therapy. The effect of NAC and selenium on healing of maxillary sinus mucosa seems to be insignificant.Öğe Effects of Bovine Amniotic Fluid on Acute Corneal Alkali Burns in the Rat(Medwell Online, 2009) Gonenci, Ramazan; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Koc, Ahmet; Yalcin, AlperBovine Amniotic Fluid (BAF) was topically applied for treatment group, whereas isotonic saline solution was applied for saline group in the study after an alkali burn was created in the right eye of 16 rats with 2.5 N NaOH. Density and area of the corneal opacity, area of the corneal epithelial defect, corneal neovascularization and complications were clinically evaluated and scored using a modified model at post-injury days 0, 3, 7 and 14. At the end of the experiment, all the eyes were histologically examined after enucleation. It was resultantly found that BAF has slightly decreased corneal opacification, increased reepithelization and limited neovascularization, hyphema and total corneal erosions. But these clinical ocular damage scores were not statistically significant. In histological examination, the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, corneal thicknesses, edema, keratinization, vascularization and inflammation were significantly reduced by BAF compared to the saline group. Based on these positive effects in severe burns, it was concluded that BAF could be a new topical alternative agent for veterinary ophthalmology thereafter.Öğe Effects of desflurane and isoflurane on postanaesthetic recovery characteristics with hepatic and renal functions in dogs(2009) Altug, Muhammed Enes; Gonenci, R.; Durgut, R.; Karasu, A.; Abdulhayoglu, B.The aim of the study, was to investigate the effects of desflurane and isoflurane on postanaesthetic recovery characteristics with hepatic and renal functions in dogs. Sixteen adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing between 16-21 kg were equally divided into 2 groups. Anaesthesia was induced with 0.3 mg kg-1 midazolam and 10 mg kg-1 thiopental intravenously. Maintenance of anaesthesia was continued with 7.2-8% desflurane or 1.3-1.5% isoflurane. Heart and respiration rates, arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation and rectal temperatures were monitored before, during, 1 h and 1 day after anaesthesia periodically and postanaesthetic recovery score times were also observed. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ?-glutamyltransferase, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin and creatinine levels were measured in venous blood samples. Postanaesthetic recovery scores including time to standing, time to reaching sternal recumbency, eye opening and time to extubation were found shorter in desflurane group than isoflurane group (p<0.05). Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and ?-glutamyltransferase activities were non-significantly increased in the isoflurane group and there were no change between groups. Total bilirubin and creatinine levels were non-significantly decreased, blood urea nitrogen levels were non-significantly increased within normal range during and after the anaesthesia in both groups. The present study reveals 2 important results. Firstly, desflurane provided faster anaesthetic induction, recovery with less excitation and rapid recovery times (p<0.05) and the dogs stood up in shorter time than those of isoflurane. Secondly, this study indicates that both volatile agents have no harmful side effects on renal and hepatic functions in dogs. © Medwell Journals, 2009.Öğe Effects of Dexamethasone on Bupivacaine-Induced Peripheral Nerve Injection Injury in the Rat Sciatic Model(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Comez, Mehmet Selim; Borazan, Yakup; Ozgur, Tumay; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Cellat, Mustafa; Guvenc, Mehmet; Altug, Muhammed EnesIntroduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perineural dexamethasone against intraneural bupivacaine. Material and Methods Rats were divided into 9 groups with 6 animals in each group; Group 1 (Intraneural saline 600 mu L-2ndday), Group 2 (Intraneural saline 600 mu L-7th day), Group 3 (Intraneural saline 600 mu L + perineural dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg-2nd day), Group 4 (Intraneural saline 600 mu L + perineural dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg-7th day), Group 5 (Intraneural bupivacaine 10 mg/kg-2nd day), Group 6 (Intranueral bupivacaine 10 mg/kg-7th day), Group 7 (Intraneural bupivacaine 10 mg/kg + perineurald exam ethasone 0.5 mg/kg-2nd day), Group 8 (Intraneural bupivacaine 10 mg/kg + perineural dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg-7th day), Group 9 (Control group). At the end of the application period, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were analyzed. Results and Conclusion It was observed that caspase 3 levels significantly increased in the 5th and 6th groups compared to the 1st and 2nd groups (p < 0.01). However, in the 7th and 8th groups, these levels were similar with 1st and 2nd groups. While a significant decrease in S 100 levels was detected in group 6 (p < 0.05), a significant increase occurred in Group 8 and reached the same levels as Group 2. According to histopathological evaluation, edema, vacuolization and myelin degeneration were significantly increased in groups 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). However, in the 8th group, the mentioned data showed a significant decrease and reached the same levels as group 2. As a result, perineural dexamethasone was found to have protective effects against intraneural bupivacaine induced sciatic nerve damage.Öğe The effects of peroneus longus trigger poin stimulation on the pain threshold in dogs(2010) Altug, Muhammed Enes; Tas, AbuzerThe results of this study demonstrate that peroneus longus trigger point stimulation has a powerful analgesic effect, and increased algometric pain threshold without any adverse effect in the measured physiological parameters. Consequently, it may be suggested that only trigger point stimulation or its combination with the other analgesic or sedative drugs will be used effectively in alleviating painful conditions in dogs.Öğe Effects of repeated application of isoflurane and desflurane on electrocardiogram, anaesthesia induction, and recovery characteristics in rats(Natl Veterinary Research Inst, 2007) Ozturk, Atakan; Altug, Muhammed EnesThirty male Wistar albino rats were equally divided into two groups. All the animals were sedated with 5 mg kg(-1) of xylazine hydrochloride, and then 2.5% isoflurane or 8% desflurane with 100% oxygen by mask induction were given and anaesthesia maintenance was continued for 60 min with 5.7% desflurane or 1.4% isoflurane. Anaesthesia applications were repeated on the 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) d in both groups. Heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, and electrocardiogram recordings were monitored periodically at the control time and at the 15(th), 30(th), and 60(th) min during anaesthesia. Anaesthesia induction and recovery times were also controlled. Compared to the 1(st) d, the repeated administration of desflurane and isoflurane caused no statistically significant change in QT and QTc intervals. The P wave duration (ms) decreased on the 7(th) d in both groups (P<0.05), and the R wave amplitude (mV) significantly decreased on the 3(rd) d in the desflurane group (P<0.05). Although significant differences in the QRS interval (ms) (P<0.001) and R wave amplitude (mV) on the 1(st) d (P<0.05) were found, their values changed within normal reference ranges and did not lead to left ventricular enlargement. However, anaesthesia induction (P<0.05) and recovery times (P<0.01-0.001) in the desflurane group were performed faster than the isoflurane group. We concluded that a repeated application of desflurane and isoflurane caused no significant QT and QTc prolongation and myocardial repolarisation abnormalities, whereas they decreased anaesthesia induction and recovery times.Öğe Effects of the Bovine Amniotic Membrane on Corneal Healing with Acute Alkali Burns in Rabbits(Medwell Online, 2009) Gonenci, Ramazan; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Koc, Ahmet; Oksuz, Huseyin; Yuksel, HayatiThe Bovine Amniotic Membrane (BAM) was transplanted on the right comea of 8 adult rabbits after an alkali burn was created with 2.5 N NaOH. Density and area of the corneal opacity, area of the corneal epithelial defect, vascularization and complications were clinically evaluated. Left corneas of the same animals were used as active control group. At the end of the experiment, all the eyes were extirpated and histologically examined on light microscopy. BAM has decreased density and area of the corneal opacity and increased reepithelialisation, but promoted episcleral vasodilatation more prominently in clinical examination. Histologically; the distrubition of Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes, corneal thicknesses, edema, keratinization, neovascularization and inflammation were significantly reduced by BAM compared to active control group. BAM was highly found to be effective to restore the corneal surface with acute alkali burns in the rabbit.Öğe Effects of the bovine aniniotic membrane on comeal healing with acute alkali burns hi rabbits(2009) Gonenci, Ramazan; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Koc, Ahmet; Oksuz, Huseyin; Yuksel, HayatiThe Bovine Ammotic Membrane (BAM) was transplanted on the right cornea of 8 adult rabbits after an alkali burn was created with 2.5 N NaOH. Density and area of the corneal opacity, area of the corneal epithelial defect, vascularization and complications were clinically evaluated. Left corneas of the same animals were used as active control group. At the end of the experiment, all the eyes were extirpated and histologically examined on light microscopy. BAM has decreased density and area of the corneal opacity and increased reepithelialisation, but promoted episcleral vasodilatation more prominently in clinical examination. Histologically; the distrubition of Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes, corneal thicknesses, edema, keratinization, neovascularization and inflammation were significantly reduced by BAM compared to active control group. BAM was highly found to be effective to restore the corneal surface with acute alkali burns in the rabbit. © Medwell Journals, 2009.Öğe Effects of trimetazidine on crush injury of the sciatic nerve in rats: A biochemical and stereological study(Elsevier, 2009) Serayslan, Yurdal; Bal, Ramazan; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Kontas, Tuenay; Keles, Osman Nuri; Unal, Deniz; Unal, BunyamiTrimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-ischemic agent which has been used for years as an effective anti-anginal agent in cardiac patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of TMZ on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), histopathological changes and the number of myelinated axons in a crush injury model of sciatic nerve in rats. In this study, 50 Wistar albino rats were used and the right sciatic nerves of all animals were injured. They were randomly divided into two groups equal in number, called treatment and non-treatment groups. The animals were subdivided into four subgroups, non-injury/non-treatment (left sciatic nerves of non-treatment animals, NI-NT) and non-injury/treatment (left sciatic nerves of treatment animals, NI-T) and injury/non-treatment (right sciatic nerves of non-treatment animals, I-NT) and injury/ treatment (right sciatic nerves of treatment animals, I-T). At the end of the experiment, the bilateral sciatic nerves and blood samples collected from these animals were analyzed using histological, stereological and biochemical methods. There was a progressive increase in the serum level of GSH and progressive decrease in serum MDA levels in the treatment group. Progressive decrease in serum NO levels was observed in the treatment groups and it was statistically significant on day 14 (p<0.05) compared to the non-treatment group. The activities of CAT were low in the treatment groups on days 21 (p < 0.05) and 42 (p < 0.05). In the NI-NT group, some unimportant degenerative changes such as irregularity in myelin sheets were observed. Many pathologic changes in the I-NT group and some minimal degeneration in the I-T group were observed. TMZ treatment resulted in increases in the myelinated axon numbers by a range of 223 to 604 in the I-NT group compared to the I-T. In conclusion, TMZ appears to be beneficial for induction of axonal regeneration and myelination in healthy nerves as well as injured nerves. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Heavy metal distribution in blood, liver and kidneys of Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Altug, Muhammed EnesThe aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of the most investigated environmentally relevant heavy metals in two highly endangered sea turtle species (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) from the important nesting area on the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. The highest mean concentration was of Fe, while Hg and Pb were lowest. All tissue concentrations of Al, As, Fe and Mn were significantly different between the species. In particular, As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn concentrations were lower in Caretta caretta and Cd, Hg, Mn, Zn concentrations were lower in Chelonia mydas than those reported in other parts of the world. Compared to studies conductud in other parts of the Mediterranean, Cd was lower.Öğe HERNIORRHAPHY AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN CATS(Univ Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, 2022) Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yilmaz; Yurtal, Ziya; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Emiroglu, Sara Busra; Alakus, Ibrahim; Altug, Muhammed EnesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome and mortality of diaphragmatic hernia in cats and present herniorrhaphy results. Diagnostic and surgical data from 25 cats with diaphragmatic hernias were analyzed retrospectively. The cats were between the ages of 2 months and 4 years, included 9 cases of males (5/9 neutered) and 16 cases of females (9/16 spayed). Acute cases were 12/25 and chronic cases were 13/25. Diaphragmatic rupture locations were defined according to the pointsthatare determined based on a clockwise scale. Location was classified as multiple in 10 (40%), ventral in 7 (28 %), right in 5 (20%), and left in 3 (12 %) cases. The three most frequently herniated organs were small intestine (20,80%), liver(16, 64 %), and omentum (15, 60 %). Postoperative survival rates were 83.3 % for acute cases and 69.2 % for chronic. Full recovery was achieved in 19 (76 %) of the cats. Results suggest that the location and size of diaphragm ruptures, the organs herniated, and the presence of concurrent pathologies directly affect mortality. Mortality is higher in cases with concurrent injuries, large diaphragmatic ruptures, and excessively herniated organs.Öğe Investigation of the neuroprotective effect of kefir in experimental spinal cord injury(Ankara Univ, 2023) Yurtal, Ziya; Kutlu, Tuncer; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Ozsoy, Bulent; Alakus, Halil; Yurdagul Ozsoy, SuleIn this study, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of kefir were investigated in spinal cord injury that was experimentally created on rats with a compression trauma model. A total of 56 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Daily freshly prepared 18 ml/kg/day of kefir was given by oral gavage to animals 7 days before and during the trauma and during the trauma. Spinal cord injury was created according to the weight drop method. On the 1st and 7th days before euthanasia, intracardiac blood was collected for analysis, and then they were sacrificed. The damaged spinal cord segments were examined biochemically, immunohistochemically, and histopathologically. When compared to the sham groups, kefir had a positive effect in the preconditioning and treatment groups by decreasing spinal cord bleeding, edema, myelin sheath damage, liquefactive necrosis, neuronal necrosis, selectivity of canalis centralis, and gitter cell levels significantly. When compared to the sham groups, kefir was found to have a positive effect in the treatment groups by decreasing the neuron specific enolase (NSE), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and myelin basic protein (MBP) levels significantly on the 1st and 7th days, and by increasing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level significantly. As a result, it was demonstrated that kefir had a protective and therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury.Öğe Ixodid Ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) Infesting Wild Animals in Hatay, Tiirkiye(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2023) Zerek, Aykut; Erdem, Ipek; Yaman, Mehmet; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Orkun, OmerWild animals play an important role as amplifiers and/or reservoir hosts in the ecology of many ticks and tick-borne pathogens affecting livestock and humans. In this study, which was carried out in the Hatay province, the southernmost region of Anatolia, a total of 362 (210y, 146 (3, 6N) tick specimens were collected from 18 wild animals from 7 species, including white stork (Ciconia ciconia) (n = 1), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (n = 5), badger (Meles meles) (n = 2), jackal (Canis aureus) (n = 3), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (n = 5), hare (Lepus europaeus) (n = 1), and wild goat (Capra aegagrus) (n = 1), which were obtained between 2014 and 2022. The collected ticks were identified according to morphological criteria at the level of species as Amblyomma lepidum, Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis erinacei, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis kopetdaghica, Ixodes gibbosus, Ixodes kaiseri, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus kohlsi, Rhipicephalus rossicus, and Rhipicephalus turanicus. With this study, A. lepidum was reported for the first time in Tiirkiye, while R. rossicus detected in roe deer was reported for the first time in wild animals, and the lesser-known/rare tick H. kopetdaghica was reported for the second time in wild goats where it was previously reported.Öğe The Neuroprotective Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Brains(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Altug, Muhammed Enes; Melek, Ismet M.; Erdogan, Suat; Duzguner, Vesile; Ozturk, Atakan; Kucukgul, AltugThe aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) mRNA isoenzymes, oxidant and antioxidant defence in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injured rat brains. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: sham-control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and I/R+CAPE. Rats in sham-control group underwent only surgical intervention without bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Ischemia/reperfusion was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with atraumatic clips for 30 min, followed by artery reopening. The I/R+CAPE group was subjected to the same surgical procedure as I/R group, but CAPE was administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 15 mu mol kg(-1) twice, 1 h before occlusion and at 12th h of reperfusion. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after I/R. The cAMP concentration was analyzed by ELISA and PDE4 isozyme mRNA transcriptions were evaluated by qRT-PCR methodology in the brain cortex. Ischemia-induced NO production was significantly attenuated by CAPE in the cerebral cortex. CAPE significantly enhanced GSH-Px activity, while SOD, CAT and XO activities non-significantly changed, as compared to the I/R group. CAPE significantly decreased PDE4A and PDE4B transcripts, without changing cAMP levels compared to I/R group. Ischemia-induced neurologic deficit scores were reduced by CAPE. These results suggest that CAPE slightly modulates the antioxidant defense system and NO release in rat brain during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, CAPE treatments produce the neuroprotective effect by reducing the levels of some PDE4 transcriptions.
