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Öğe Analysis of input usage efficiency in dairy cattle enterprises: a case Study of Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2021) Celik, Ahmet DuranThis study aimed at analyzing the factors which affect the milk production amount in the Hatay province by means of the functional analysis. Within the study, data from 141 dairy cattle enterprises in the Hatay province were used as the main material, which were chosen by the Stratified Sampling Method. According to the research results; the number of cattle average per enterprise was 11,04, the dairy cattle average per enterprise was 4,87, the annual milk production amount average per enterprise was 27 tons, and milk production per dairy cattle was 18,7 lt. According to analysis results based on the Cobb-Douglas production function; roughage, concentrate feed, cereal grains, labor force usage, and veterinary and medicinal expenses were found to affect the milk production amount during the lactation period positively. The production elasticity total of the variables in the estimating equation was found as (Sigma bi) 1,225, which indicates increasing returns to scale. Among the variables of the equation, roughage was found to have the highest efficiency coefficient with 3,18. According to the values obtained from the ratio of technical substitution levels of the production factors to the price levels, input combinations used in production were found economically improper. In other words, resource utilization of the factors in milk production in the research area was not at a rational level. In order to carry out more profitable milk production activities in the research area; the enterprises could concentrate on growing more forage plants on their fields, and using their own cereal grains in forage rations. Additionally, it's important for the enterprises to increase the level of the pure breed/pure breed cross ratio in the herd population.Öğe Consumers' perceptions about probiotic food products and their effects on purchase intention: A case study of Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey(Bologna Univ Press, 2023) Celik, Ahmet DuranThe aim of this study is examining consumers' preferences and behaviors about probiotic foods (PFs) in Turkey, and analysing the relationships between some factors such as consumer perception, knowl-edge level, income level, and purchase intention. According to the research results, among the PFs, sour milk products such as: cheese, conventional yogurt, and ayran (yogurt drink) were found to be the most frequently consumed probiotics. On the other hand, the consumption level of other common commercial probiotics like probiotic yogurt and supplements were found quite low. It was determined that consumers have a high awareness level of the benefits of PFs and that they consume these products with confidence. According to the analysis results, statistically significant and positive relationships were found between consumers' knowledge level and consumers' perceptions of benefit and necessity. In terms of purchase intention, statistically significant and positive relationships were found between purchase intention and some variables such as: knowledge level, income level, perceptions of benefit and price sensitivity.Öğe Contributions of Agricultural Subsidies to Increase Producer Income in Cotton and Milk Productions: A Case Study of Hatay Province-Turkey(Univ Philippines Los Banos, 2022) Celik, Ahmet DuranAgricultural production is subsidized at different levels depending on the country's development status. The budget that was allocated for agricultural subsidies in Turkey in 2020 was around 22 billion TL (Turkish Lira) which was equal to 3.14 billion USD. In this study, the contribution of agricultural subsidies to product income and gross profit value was examined specifically on cotton as crop production and dairy cattle as animal production. According to the research results, agricultural subsidies increased production value by 30.7% in cotton and 4% in milk income. The increased rates also significantly increased the gross profit values of the products. The results also indicate that enterprises sustain their existonce with the income from subsidies, and that the income from production barely covers operating costs. It is necessary to allocate a sufficient budget for agricultural subsidies in order to secure Turkey's agricultural sustainability, improve producers' income, and provide affordable food supplies for consumers by decreasing production costs.Öğe DETERMINATION OF ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY FROM HATAY PROVINCE(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Semerci, Arif; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Gokdogan, Osman; Celik, Ahmet DuranThis study aimed at determining the energy efficiency of cotton production in the Hatay region of Turkey. Data were gathered in the season of 2016-2017 from 136 enterprises which were chosen by the Simple Random Sampling Method. In order to determine the energy efficiency of cotton, data provided by farmers were utilized. The energy input and output in cotton production were calculated as 57134.25 MJ ha(-1) and 63270.54 MJ ha(-1), respectively. Energy inputs consist of; electrical by 20914.02 MJ ha(-1) (36.61%), chemical fertilizer by 15466.06 MJ ha(-1) (27.07%), diesel fuel by 13828.61 (24.20%), irrigation by 4378.50 MJ ha(-1) (7.66%), machinery by 1136.59 MJ ha(-1) (1.99%), chemical by 830.85 MJ ha(-1) (1.45%), seed energy by 311.99 MJ ha(-1) (0.55%), and human labour by 267.62 MJ ha(-1) (0.47%). Energy in cotton production could be classified as 68.94% direct, 31.06% indirect, 8.67% renewable, and 91.33% non-renewable. Energy efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, and net energy in cotton production were calculated as 1.11, 10.66 MJ kg(-1), 0.09 kg MJ(-1,) and 6136.29 MJ ha(-1).Öğe Determination of technical efficiency in cotton production by using data envelopment and stochastic frontier analysis methods: a case study of Hatay Province in Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2021) Parlakay, Oguz; Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranThe main aim of this study is to determine the technical efficiency of cotton production in the province of Hatay, which is one of the major cotton production areas of Turkey. The data of the study were gathered from 136 cotton enterprises by the face-to-face survey method, and the Random Stratified Sampling method was used in determining the sample size. In the data analysis; the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), (Variable Return to Scale - Output Oriented), and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) methods, which are commonly being used in technical efficiency measurements of agricultural enterprises, were used. The determinants of technical efficiency were calculated by the Tobit Regression Analysis (for DEA) and TE Effects Model (for SFA). In the analysis, cotton yield per decare was considered as output; and seed usage (kg da(-1)), pure nitrate usage (kg da(-1)), pure phosphorus usage (kg da(-1)f), labor force (h da(-1)), machinery power (h da(-1)), pesticide cost (USD da(-1)) and the number of irrigation were considered as inputs. According to the analysis results, the technical efficiency score average of cotton enterprises was found as 0,82 with the DEA-VRS method and was found as 0,86 with the SFA method. Besides, it was found that the enterprises which produce cotton at the minimum efficiency level, could increase the cotton production amount by 78% according to the DEA-VRS, and by 0,72% according to the SFA method. The scale efficiency average was calculated as 0,97. It was concluded that the main reason for high scale efficiency was derived from a false input combination; nonetheless, it was determined that there were enterprises which weren't utilising scale efficiency. In the study, it was observed that some inputs were overused, such as the number of irrigation (36,79%), fertiliser-N (17,88%), and pesticide cost (8,22%). Hence, cotton yield could be increased with proper input combinations. Also, producer training activities about input usage levels and methods could be useful in order to increase awareness about the issue.Öğe A DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS' SATISFACTION WITH MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (MAPs) AGRIBUSINESS WITH RESPECT TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN HATAY, TURKEY BY USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Tapki, Nuran; Dagistan, Erdal; Demirtas, Bekir; Kiziltug, Tugce; Celik, Ahmet Duran; Kekec, NurcanMedicinal and aromatic plants contribute to the economy by maintaining the health of the population that sustains the economy, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate collection and development opportunities of medicinal and aromatic plants, the socio-economic structure, and the satisfaction of farmers. In the study, 94 surveys were carried out with medicinal and aromatic plant collectors from nature by the methods of full count and face to face interview. According to the research results, 70.21 % of the farmers had graduated from primary school, and 2.13 % had graduated from universities. The average duration of experience with MAPs was 9.90 years, and the average farmer's age was 46.8 years old. The collecting land area average was 1.25 ha(-1). Laurus nobilis, Thymus vulgaris L., Rhus coriaria L., Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis L., Vacinium myrtillus were the plants most collected from nature. The factors affecting the satisfaction of farmers were determined, including the age of the enterprise owner, marketing problems, labor problems, the prices of medicinal and aromatic plants, expectations about the future of MAPs, the percentage of medicinal and aromatic plants in total income, transportation cost, and the gradual decrease of the amount of harvested MAPs every year. Among farmers, the proportion of satisfaction was 59.4 %. The average annual income of farmers from MAPs' sale was 2,290 USD. Inadequate cultivation and marketing of the MAPs sector were found as the biggest problems. Therefore, it is crucial to gather MAPs farmers in an organization to solve the sector's problems.Öğe Determining Marketing Organization Efficiency and Producer Satisfaction in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in the Hatay Province(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Celik, Ahmet Duran; Gul, AykutThe aim of this study is to present the efficiency of marketing organization in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) by examining the marketing structure of some MAPs that are traded commonly in the Hatay Province. The primary data of the study were collected by face-to-face surveys from MAPs producers/collecters (78) and processing enterprises (15) in the province. According to the research results from the marketing services; gathering, processing, distributing, transporting, and storing were found sufficient; however, other marketing services such as packing, grading, and standardising were found to be insufficient. Another important outcome of the study was that MAPs' trade is under the control of certain large traders in the province; and accordingly, the price formation is dependent on those traders, which lowers producer price. This situation also simultaneously limits some factors of marketing efficiency such as market transparency, and competition, and increases the marketing margin which was found to be 96% in bayleaf. Furthermore, high marketing margins were concluded as one of the main reasons for the decrease in producers' income. In order to protect producers and increase their wealth, it is important to provide a competitive marketing environment where numerous buyers and sellers meet. Despite the fact only 41% of the producers stated their satisfaction with product prices, 77% of them stated that they are satisfied with MAPs' trade overall. In addition to these results, proportion of MAPs income in producers' total income was calculated as around 25%.Öğe Effects of consumers' economic and demographic attributes on juice consumption(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2019) Dagistan, Erdal; Gul, Mevlut; Akplnar, Metin Goksel; Celik, Ahmet DuranThis study was carried out to determine the effects of consumers' economic and demographic factors on juice consumption. There were 1152 surveys conducted in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey that include the three cities of Adana, Antalya, and Hatay. The primary data that were collected by using the face-to-face interview method, were analyzed by means of the Logit Model. According to the research results; consumers' benefit perceptions, advertisement activities, slogans towards consumption awareness, informational and promotional activities were impacting consumers' juice consumption intentions positively. However, the consumption level of carbonated drinks and alcoholic beverages, and consumption habits regarding fresh vegetables and fruit were found to have a negative effect. It is suggested that expanding efforts on informational and promotional activities about the benefits and importance of fruit juices could increase consumers' juice consumption. © 2019 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.Öğe EFFECTS OF CONSUMERS' ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES ON JUICE CONSUMPTION(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Dagistan, Erdal; Gul, Mevlut; Akpinar, Metin Goksel; Celik, Ahmet DuranThis study was carried out to determine the effects of consumers' economic and demographic factors on juice consumption. There were 1152 surveys conducted in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey that include the three cities of Adana, Antalya, and Hatay. The primary data that were collected by using the face-to-face interview method, were analyzed by means of the Logit Model. According to the research results; consumers' benefit perceptions, advertisement activities, slogans towards consumption awareness, informational and promotional activities were impacting consumers' juice consumption intentions positively. However, the consumption level of carbonated drinks and alcoholic beverages, and consumption habits regarding fresh vegetables and fruit were found to have a negative effect. It is suggested that expanding efforts on informational and promotional activities about the benefits and importance of fruit juices could increase consumers' juice consumption.Öğe Estimating technical efficiency of dairy farms in turkey: a case study of Hatay Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2015) Parlakay, Oguz; Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranThe dairy sector plays a considerable role in the agricultural sector and is major source of household income for many farmers in Turkey. This study aims to estimate the technical efficiency for dairy farms in Hatay province of Turkey. The data obtained from 138 dairy farms, were analysed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Annual milk production quantity, concentrate feed, roughage feed, veterinary costs, and human labour were used in the analysis as variables of efficiency model. The Tobit Regression Model was used to calculate the DEA scores in order to establish the causes of inefficiencies. According to the results of the DEA model, mean technical efficiency scores estimated for the Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) were 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. Inefficiency stems from a certain amount of product which can't be produced using the minimum input. Efficiencies are positively correlated with herd size, concentrate feed ratio, and farmers' experience. However, only herd size and concentrate feed ratio are statically significant with a level of 5 %. The increased herd size and concentrate feed ratio in total feed will enhance the profitability.Öğe Functional Analysis of Cotton Production in Hatay Province(Univ Namik Kemal, 2018) Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranAmong all other agricultural products, cotton has an important place in terms of added value contribution, and wide usage variety in different industries. Turkey is 8th biggest cotton producer in the World. Hatay province is one of the important cities in Turkey in terms of cotton production area. According to TSI data, in 4.160.098 da of field; 2.100.000 tons of cotton, 1.260.000 tons of cottonseed, and 756.000 tons of fiber were produced in Turkey by 2016. Hatay province has 11,54% of it's share in Turkey's total cotton production area, and it's has 10,57% of it's share in cotton, cottonseed and in fiber production in Turkey. The primary data of the study were obtained from 136 agricultural enterprises by using the Simple Random Sampling Method with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% average deviation. According to cotton production function analysis results, total elasticity coefficients (Sigma beta(i)) was found as 0,976. This situation indicates that decreasing returns to scale, the result that obtained is very close to constant returns to scale. Among the variables that are in the equation, highest marginal activity coefficients were; seed (X-1) with 13,64 and fertilizer input (X-2) with 4,18. Considering Marginal Rates of Technical Substution, comparing to energy (X-3) factor, ground rent value factor (X-7) was found being used that closest to economic optimum (0,98).Öğe Gross margin analysis in dairy cattle: a case study of Hatay Province, Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2014) Semerci, Arif; Parlakay, Oguz; Celik, Ahmet DuranMain objective of this study is to calculate the gross margin for the dairy cattle enterprises in the Hatay Province in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Main material of the study consists of the primary data compiled by the surveys from 141 dairy cattle breeder enterprises which are determined by layered random sampling method. Data obtained from the research area in 2013 is reviewed according to the enterprises' size groups and enterprises' fair average on the basis of the number of suckling cow. According to the results of the study, in the enterprises reviewed, there is an average of 4.87 heads suckling cow and 7.85 Large Animal Unit (LAU) per enterprise. In the enterprises it is determined that an average of 27 tons of milk is produced in one lactation period. Milk yield per suckling cow is 5.6 ton/lactation. Among the enterprises surveyed, 59% of them had 1-4 head, 33% had 5-9 head and 8% had 10 head and above suckling cows. It has been also determined that the feed cost was the highest as 81.6% in the variable costs in the dairy cattle breeder enterprises according to the enterprise mean values. Following this, there were the veterinary-medicine costs (8.2%), electricity costs (2.4%), variable labour costs (1.8%), water and cleaning supplies (1.8%), artificial insemination costs (1.6%) and other costs (2.6 %). When the dairy cattle breeder enterprises are examined according to their size groups, it is seen that large enterprises (10 head and above) have produced more milk per suckling cow and gained higher milk yield and more gross margin compared to the small (1-4 head) and middle (5-9 head) enterprises.Öğe Gross profit analysis in cotton production and effects of agricultural subsidies on product cost: a case study of Hatay Region-Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2018) Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranThe aim of this study is to determine the gross profit in cotton production in Hatay province and to examine the effect of agricultural subsidies on cotton production cost. The primary data of the study were obtained from 136 agricultural enterprises by using the Simple Random Sampling Method. Income per unit area was 922 TL/da, and with subsidies this number could increase at a level of 44% (408 TL/da more). The cost per kg was found as 2,0 TL in small enterprises, and 2,03 TL in large enterprises. The highest cost element was energy (regardless of ground rent). Energy usage per unit was found as 170 TL.According to the economic process results of cotton production excluding the subsidies; the gross profit was 135,79 TL/decare, the net profit was -151,57 TL/ decare, and the relative profit was 0,86 TL. Including the subsidies; the gross profit was 543,76 TL/ decare, the net profit was 256,40 TL/ decare, and the relative profit was 1,24 TL. This result proves that cotton producers' profits consist of subsidies. According to the research results, in order to continue cotton production in the research area; concrete steps should be taken to decrease energy costs used for irrigation, producer organizations should be more active about helping producers with obtaining input and marketing their products, and subsidy unit prices should be allocated at the same level as developed countries.Öğe Input usage and gross profit analysis in canola production: a case study of Canakkale Province, Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2021) Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranCanola plant is grown worldwide for different purposes, and it ranks second after soybean among oleaginous seeds. Turkey is one of the countries in which its oleaginous oil supply amount dosen't meet its own demand, therefore, Turkey's canola production has been increasing in recent years as an alternative oleaginous seed product. According to the data of 2017, Turkey's import value for oleaginous seeds and derivative products was 3,2 billion USD, in which 1,5 billion USD of it was oleaginous seeds. In other words, after petrol and petroleum products, oleaginous seeds and derivative products are placed on the top of Turkey's importation product groups. One of the products that can fill Turkey's oleaginous oil supply gap is the canola plant. According to the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) data of 2018, the proportional share of Canakkale Province in Turkey's canola production was 7.5%, making it the 5th region in canola production. The economic aspect of canola production was examined in this study and the data were obtained from 83 agricultural enterprises by means of the Complete Inventory Method. According to the research results, canola production took 1st place in the vegetative production pattern with 31.09%. The average canola production area was 8.41 ha, and average productivity was found as 2962 kg ha(-1). In the study, the canola production gross output value was 1095.94 USD ha(-1), the gross profit value was 293.60 USD ha(-1), and the net profit value was found as 80.17 USD ha(-1). It was also discovered that some subsidies for canola production such as field size based subsidies (diesel fuel and fertiliser subsidies) and deficiency payment subsidies; increased the gross output value by 27.31%, increased the gross profit value by 101.92%, and decreased production costs by 29.17%. In order to generate 2962 kg ha(-1) of canola, (which is the production amount average per unit area) 4.5 kg of seed, 260 kg of pure fertiliser, 3,30 lt of agricultural pesticide, 130 lt of diesel fuel, and around 20 hours of man and machinery power were used. In order to increase the canola production amount in the Canakkale Province it is necessary to; increase the level of irrigated production fields, increase certified seed usage, and revise the amount of deficiency payments according to the present conditions.Öğe Reflections of Animal Husbandry Subsidies on Dairy Cattle Enterprises: A Case Study of Hatay Province-Turkey(Univ Namik Kemal, 2017) Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranAgricultural subsidy is one of the important and substantial issues at this time. Countries are continuing to subsidise agricultural production at varying rates depending on the world's changing trade rules. Turkey reserved 3,9 billion $ to subsidise agricultural production in 2014. In the same year, the amount of agricultural subsidy in Hatay was around 75 million $. The share of the Hatay province in Turkey's total agricultural subsidy is around 2%. While the amount of subsidy per farmer is 1.779,924$ in Turkey, it is 3.490,01$ in the Hatay province. Livestock is one of the important agricultural production sectors, and the share of agricultural subsidy for livestock is gradually increasing in Turkey. In this study, the utilisation level of subsidies in dairy cattle enterprises were examined in Hatay. It was found that 52,17% of the enterprises were growing feed crop, and 25,53% of them were utilising the feed crop subsidy. Milk production of the enterprises which were utilising the subsidy was 5.728,9 lt, the milk cost was 0,38$/lt, and the absolute profit was found as 0,03$/lt. In terms of enterprises which weren't utilising the subsidy, these values were found respectively as; 5.334,4 lt, 0,44$/lt, and 0,09$/lt. According to the research results, it's been concluded that livestock subsidies are decreasing production costs and increasing farmers' income significantly.
