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Öğe Antibiotic resistance genes & susceptibility patterns in staphylococci(Indian Council Medical Res, 2012) Duran, Nizami; Ozer, Burcin; Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Onlen, Yusuf; Demir, CemilBackground & objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the association between the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococcal isolates obtained from various clinical samples of patients attending a teaching hospital in Hatay, Turkey. Methods: A total of 298 staphylococci clinical isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genes implicated in resistance to oxacillin (mecA), gentamicin (aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia), erythromycin (ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA), tetracyclin (tetK; tetM), and penicillin (blaZ) were amplified using multiplex PCR method. Results: Methicillin resistance rate among 139 Staphlococcus aureus isolates was 16.5 and 25.9 per cent of S. aureus carried mecA gene. Of the 159 CoNS isolates, methicillin resistance rate was 18.9 and 29.6 per cent carried mecA gene. Ninety four isolates identified as gentamicin resistant phenotypically, contained at least one of the gentamicin resistance genes [aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia], 17 gentamicin-susceptible isolates were found as positive in terms of one or more resistance genes [aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia] by multiplex PCR. A total of 165 isolates were resistant to erythromycin, and contained at least one of the erythromycin resistance genes (ermA,ermB, ermC and msrA). Phenotypically, 106 staphylococcal isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 121 isolates carried either tetK or tetM or both resistance genes. The majority of staphylococci tested possessed the blaZ gene (89.9%). Interpretation & conclusions: The present results showed that the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns were not similar to those obtained by genotyping done by multiplex PCR. Rapid and reliable methods for antibiotic susceptibility are important to determine the appropriate therapy decisions. Multiplex PCR can be used for confirmation of the results obtained by conventional phenotypic methods, when needed.Öğe Association with Leptin Gene c.-2548 G>A Polymorphism, Serum Leptin Levels, and Body Mass Index in Turkish Obese Patients(Humana Press Inc, 2013) Sahin, Deniz Say; Tumer, Cemil; Demir, Cemil; Celik, M. Murat; Celik, Mustafa; Ucar, Edip; Gunesacar, RamazanLeptin is a protein hormone which plays a critical role in the regulation of both body-weight through reducing food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Several polymorphisms in leptin gene (LEP), which encodes for leptin, have been described. However, its association with obesity is still controversial. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate whether LEP c.-2548 G > A polymorphism was associated with serum leptin levels, lipid parameters, and body mass index in Turkish obese patients. Forty-seven obese patients and 48 healthy individuals were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. LEP c.-2548 G > A polymorphism were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Serum leptin levels and lipid parameters were measured by ELISA and enzyme colorimetric assay techniques, respectively. GA or AA genotypes and A allele carrier frequencies of the c.-2548 G > A polymorphism in the LEP were higher in obese (38.3, 34.0 and 72.3 %) when compared with controls (14.6, 12.5, and 27.1 %; p = 0.011, 0.016, and 0.002, respectively). On the other hand, AA or AG genotypes were also related to increased serum leptin levels (p < 0.001) and body mass index (p < 0.0001). All these consequences showed that LEP -2548 AA or AG genotypes are important predictors for increased levels of leptin and BMI in Turkish obese patients and it may be a useful marker for obesity risk in our population.Öğe Coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Aslantas, Ozkan; Demir, Cemil; Turutoglu, Huelya; Cantekin, Zafer; Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, GokhanThis study was conducted to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitic milk samples from 3 different Turkish cities (Hatay, Gaziantep, and Burdur). Amplification of the coagulase gene from 80 S. aureus isolates produced 5 different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products; 79 isolates showed only 1 amplicon, and 1 isolate showed 2 amplicons. The isolates were grouped into 9 genotypes by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the gene; the 2 most common genotypes accounted for 73.8% of the isolates. The results indicated that many coagulase gene genotypes are present in the studied regions and only 1 or 2 genotypes predominated.Öğe Coagulase gene polymorphism of staphylococcus aurreus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis(2007) Aslantaş, Özkan; Demir, Cemil; Türütoğlu, Hülya; Cantekin, Zafer; Ergün, Yaşar; Doğruer, GökhanÖzet: Bu çalışma, üç farklı şehirden (Hatay, Gaziantep ve Burdur) toplanan mastitisli sığır sütlerinden izole edilen 80 Staphylococcus aureus susunun koagulaz gen polimorfizmini araştırmak amacıyla yapıldı. Seksen S. aureus susu 5 farklı polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplikonu oluştururken, 79 izolat 1 amplikon ve 1 izolat 2 amplikon oluşturdu. İzolatlar, koagulaz geninin restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analizi ile 9 genotipe ayrıldı. İki yaygın genotip izolatların % 73,8'ini oluşturdu. Sonuçlar, çalışılan bölgelerde farklı genotiplerin olduğunu ve bunlardan sadece bir veya iki genotipin dominant olduğunu göstermektedirÖğe Detection of adhesin genes and slime production among Staphylococci in orthopaedic surgical wounds(Academic Journals, 2010) Duran, Nizami; Dogramaci, Yunus; Ozer, Burcin; Demir, Cemil; Kalacı, AydınerThis study was aimed at investigating: (i) three adhesin genes (clf A, fnb A and cna) in Staphylococus aureus strains, (ii) the presence of slime (ica A and ica D genes) in both Staphylococus epidermidis and S. aureus strains isolated from surgical wounds. The slime and adhesin genes were detected by multiplex PCR. The ica A/ica D positivity rates were determined as 66.2% (104/157) in a total of 157 staphylococcal strains. While the occurance rate of slime genes was 69.6% (48/69) among the S. epidermidis, this ratio was 63.6% (56/88) among the S. aureus isolates. No statistically significant difference was found between S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolates in terms of the presence of slime genes (p > 0.05). Among the 88 S. aureus strains, almost all of the strains were positive for fnb A gene (97.7%). The cna and clf A positivity rates were detected in 69 (78.4%) and 45 (51.1%) isolates, respectively. The ica A and ica D genes responsible for slime production have been found to have high prevalence. Also, the frequency of adhesin genes was determined at a high rate in S. aureus strains isolated from surgical wounds. Molecular identification of virulent staphylococcal strains may help in management in clinical decision making.Öğe Detection of slime and methicillin resistance genes in Staphylococci isolated from nasal samples of patients with orthopaedic implants(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2010) Duran, Nizami; Dogramaci, Yunus; Demir, Cemil; Ozer, Burcin; Kalacı, AydınerBackground: The purposes of the present study were (1) to determine the prevalence of mecA and femA genes, (2) to investigate the presence of icaA and icaD genes responsible for slime synthesis, and (3) to search in vitro slime synthesis by staphylococcal strains isolated from the nares of patients with orthopaedic implants using the Congo red agar (CRA) plate test. Material/Methods: Staphylococci strains were defined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to determine intercellular adhesion genes icaA and icaD. Slime production capability was searched by the CRA plate test, phenotypically. Also, the presence of mecA and femA genes was determined by PCR in all strains. Results: The presence of icaA and icaD was detected in 101 isolates of 134 (75.4%) strains. This ratio was 74.8% (89 of 119) among the Staphylococcus epidermidis and 80% (12 of 15) among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A total of 63.4% of all the strains were found to be icaA and icaD positive as well as slime-forming on the CRA plate test. The percentage of icaA-and icaD-negative strains was 36.6%, and all of them were negative on the CRA plate test. Although femA presence was detected in all 15 (11.2%) S. aureus isolates, a total of 5 (3.7%) isolates carried the mecA gene. Conclusions: The frequency of icaA and icaD genes was determined to be of high prevalence among staphylococcal isolates. The staphylococcal strains that were found in the nasal flora of patients with orthopaedic implants may be important potential sources of infection for these patients.Öğe Detection of superantigenic toxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains from subclinical bovine mastitis(Springer, 2011) Gunaydin, Besime; Aslantas, Ozkan; Demir, CemilThe aim of this study was to determine the presence of genes encoding enterotoxins (sea-sej) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) of Staphylococcus aureus strains (n=130) isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in Turkey by polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-one (46.9%) isolates were found to contain one or more toxin genes. The most frequently found enterotoxin genes were seg (16.2%) and sei (16.2%), followed by sec (15.4%), sed (10.8%), and sej (10.8%), respectively. The tst gene was detected in seven (5.4%) isolates. None of S. aureus strains harbored sea, seb, see, and seh genes. Since these toxins are recognized agents of staphylococcal food poisoning, it must be considered that the consuming raw milk and raw milk products would pose public health risk as high prevalence of toxigenic S. aureus was found in this study.Öğe Detection of trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal speciemens from women by wet mount, culture and PCR(2015) Çulha, Gülnaz; Güngören, Arif; Demir, Cemil; Hakverdi, Ali Ulvi; Duran, NizamiAmaç: Trikomonosiosis, seksüel geçişli enfeksiyona sebep olan Trichomonas vaginalis nedenlidir. T.vaginalis, dünyada 180 milyon insanı etkilemektedir ve anlamlı morbidite sebebidir. T.vajinalis enfeksiyonu kadınlarda vajinit, ekzoservisit ve üretrit nedenidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç değişik yöntem sonuçlarını karşılaştırarak T. vajinalis varlığını tespit etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Jinekoloji polikliniğine ve Doğumevi hastanesine başvuran toplam 200 hastadan alınan swap örnekleri toplandı. : Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Parazitoloji bölümünde T. vajinalis genotip ve fenotipileri değerlendirildi. T. vaginalis tespiti açısından ve hasta tedavisine etkisi açısından bu çalışma bölgemizde yapılmış ilk moleküler çalışmadır. Bulgular: 200 hastanın 56 sı pozitif olarak bulundu ve bunların 24'ü (%42.8) mikroskopik olarak, 18'i (%32,1) kültür ile, 24'ü (%42,8) PCR ile tespit edildi. Tüm metodlarla tespit edilen hasta sayısı 14 idi. Bu çalışmada, Cochran's Q testi ile elde edilen üç metod karşılaştırılması anlamlı idi.(p=0.022). McNemar yöntemi ile tüm yöntemler ikili olarak karşılaştırıldığında mikroskopi ile kültür arasında (p=0.5),mikroskopi ile PCR arasında (p=0.063), kültür ve PCR arsında (p=0.25) fark bulunamadı. Tartışma: Kültür metodu rutinde kulanılan bir metod değildir ve kontaminasyon riski vardır. PCR metodu direkt olarak parazit DNA'sını göstermektedir ve diğer yöntemlere göre daha güvenilir bir yöntemdir.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND BIOFILM FORMATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM GANGRENOUS MASTITIS OF EWES(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2012) Tel, Osman Yasar; Aslantas, Ozkan; Keskin, Oktay; Yilmaz, Ebru Sebnem; Demir, CemilIn this study, Staphylococcus aureus strains (n = 110) isolated from seven ewe flocks in Sanliurfa, Turkey were screened for antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability as well as for genes associated with antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All isolates were found to be susceptible to oxacillin, gentamicin, clindamycin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, vancomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The percent proportions of strains resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin and erythromycin were 27.2% (n = 30), 25.4% (n = 28) and 6.3% (n = 7), respectively. Regarding the antibiotic resistance genes, 32 (29%) isolates carried the blaZ and 8 (7.2%) the ermC gene. Other resistance genes were not detected in the isolates. All isolates showed biofilm-forming ability on Congo red agar (CRA), while 108 (98.18%) and 101 (91.81%) of them were identified as biofilm producers by the use of standard tube (ST) and microplate (MP) methods, respectively. All isolates carried the icaA and icaD genes but none of them harboured the bap gene. The results demonstrated that S. aureus isolates from gangrenous mastitis were mainly resistant to penicillins (which are susceptible to the staphylococcal beta-lactamase enzyme), and less frequently to erythromycin. Furthermore, all of the S. aureus isolates produced biofilm which was considered a potential virulence factor in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal mastitis.Öğe Investigation of the antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis cases(Elsevier Science Inc, 2016) Aslantas, Ozkan; Demir, CemilA total of 112 Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from subclinical bovine mastitis cases were examined for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming ability as well as genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming ability, and adhesin. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. Biofilm forming ability of the isolates were investigated by Congo red agar method, standard tube method, and microplate method. The genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming ability, and adhesion were examined by PCR. Five isolates (4.5%) were identified as methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus by antibiotic susceptibility testing and confirmed by mecA detection. The resistance rates to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were 45.5, 39.3, 33, 26.8, 5.4, 0.9, and 0.9%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible against vancomycin and gentamicin. The blaZ (100%), tetK (67.6%), and ermA (70%) genes were the most common antibiotic-resistance genes. Using Congo red agar, microplate, and standard tube methods, 70.5, 67, and 62.5% of the isolates were found to be biofilm producers, respectively. The percentage rate of icaA, icaD, and bap genes in Staph. aureus isolates were 86.6, 86.6, and 13.4%, respectively. The adhesion molecules fnbA, can, and clfA were detected in 87 (77.7%), 98 (87.5%), and 75 (70%) isolates, respectively. The results indicated that Staph. aureus from sublinical bovine mastitis cases were mainly resistant to beta-lactams and, to a lesser extent, to tetracycline and erythromycin. Also, biofilm- and adhesion-related genes, which are increasingly accepted as an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Staph. aureus infections, were detected at a high rate.Öğe Investigation of toxin genes in staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Mustafa Kemal University Hospital(2011) Demir, Cemil; Aslantaş, Özkan; Duran, Nizami; Ocak, Sabahattin; Özer, BurçinAim: Th e aim of this study was to investigate the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), exfoliative toxins (ETAs, ETBs), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various clinical samples from the Mustafa Kemal University Hospital. In addition, PCRbased restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the coa gene was employed to genotype the isolates. Materials and methods: A total of 120 S. aureus strains isolated from various clinical samples (blood, wounds, urine, conjuctival swabs, and tracheal aspirate) over a 1 year period, 2007-2008, were used in this study. Results: Almost 65.8% of the isolates possessed at least one toxin gene. Th e genes most frequently found were seg-sei (40.8%), followed by sea (30%) and eta (19.2%). Overall, 35 toxin genotypes were observed, among which the genotypes seg-sei, sea-seg-sei, and sea-see predominated at the rate of 8.3%, 5.8%, and 5%, respectively. Four coagulase genotype patterns were observed, with molecular sizes ranging from 570 to 970 bp. Coa-based RFLP analysis revealed 7 diff erent patterns using AluI. Conclusion: Our results have revealed that toxin genes were very prevalent among S. aureus isolates, and the toxigenic isolates were independent of the genotypes obtained by PCR-RFLP of the coa gene (P > 0.05).Öğe Investigation of Toxin Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Gangrenous Mastitis in Ewes(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Tel, Osman Yasar; Aslantas, Ozkan; Keskin, Oktay; Yilmaz, Ebru Sebnem; Demir, CemilIn this study, it was aimed to determine staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) gene and exfoliative toxin (ET) genes in 110 Staphylococcus aureus strains from gangrenous mastitis cases in seven ewe flocks in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Among investigated isolates, only sec and tst toxin genes were detected. The results of this study showed that the rates of enterotoxin production were high (100%) in S. aureus strains isolated from ovine gangrenous mastitis. Moreover, it was demonstrated that S. aureus causing gangrenous mastitis harboured sec and tst genes suggesting that these genes may have a role in ovine mastitis pathogenesis.Öğe Investigation of toxin genes of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from gangrenous mastitis in ewes(2011) Tel, Yaşar Osman; Keskin, Oktay; Aslantaş, Özkan; Yılmaz, Şebnem Ebru; Demir, CemilIn this study, it was aimed to determine staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) gene and exfoliative toxin (ET) genes in 110 Staphylococcus aureus strains from gangrenous mastitis cases in seven ewe flocks in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Among investigated isolates, only sec and tst toxin genes were detected. The results of this study showed that the rates of enterotoxin production were high (100%) in S. aureus strains isolated from ovine gangrenous mastitis. Moreover, it was demonstrated that S. aureus causing gangrenous mastitis harboured sec and tst genes suggesting that these genes may have a role in ovine mastitis pathogenesis.Öğe Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci from Horses, Personnel and Environmental Sites at an Equine Hospital in Turkey(Japan Soc Vet Sci, 2012) Aslantas, Ozkan; Turkyilmaz, Suheyla; Yilmaz, Mehmet Ali; Erdem, Zeynep; Demir, CemilThe present study was carried out to assess the frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) among racehorses (n=209) and veterinary personnel (n=13) as well as environmental surfaces (n=14) at an equine hospital in Adana, Turkey. In addition, species distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type and clonality of these isolates were also investigated. MRS were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). As a result, MRS was isolated in horses (48.3%), clinic staff (92.3%) and environmental samples (71.4%). Of the 123 MRS isolates, 118 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus lentus, and the remaining ones were found to be S. sciuri (n=3), S. intermedius (n=1) and S. fleuretti (n=1). All isolates were found to be susceptible against vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and rifampicin. Additionally, single or various combinations of resistance genes were detected among MRS isolates. SCCmec type II was identified in all isolates. Similar PFGE patterns were observed among MRS isolated from horses, humans, and environmental samples. Since MRS were concurrently isolated from horses and humans it is suggested that cross-transmission of MRS between horses and humans might occur. However, it cannot be ruled out that transmission is human to animal or animal to human.Öğe The prevalance, etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the microorganisms in subclinical mastitis in goats(2016) Doğruer, Gökhan; Sarıbay, Mustafa Kemal; Aslantaş, Özkan; Kireççi, Ekrem; Ergün, Yaşar; Ülkü, Alev; Demir, CemilÇalışma, Hatay çevresinde keçilerde subklinik mastitis prevalansı, neden olan mikroorganizmalar ve mikroorganizmların antibiyotik duyarlıklıklarını belirlemek amacıyla düzenlendi. Beşyüzbeş keçiye ait 1010 meme lobu CMT ile muayene edildi. Somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) direkt mikroskopik yöntemle belirlendi. Mikroorganizmaların izolasyon ve identifikasyonu rutin mikrobiyolojik yöntemlerle gerçekleştirildi. Stafilokokların alt türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla API-STAPH system kullanıldı. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testlerinde disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanıldı. Subklinik mastitisin prevalansı %8.71 olarak belirlendi. En fazla izole edilen mikroorganizma %71.5 oranıyla Stafilokoklardı. Çalışmada Stafilokoklar dışında Streptokoklar (%8), Basillus spp. (%5.7), E. coli (%4.5), Corynebacterium spp. (%3.4), Pseudomonas spp. (%2.3) ve Acinetobacteri spp. (%2.3) de izole edildi. Ek olarak örneklerin % 2.3'ünde miks enfeksiyon saptandı. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testlerine göre penisilin, eritromisin, oksitetrasiklin, gentamisin, amoksisilin'e karşı yüksek oranda direç gözlendi. Enrofloksasin, amoksisilin klavulonik asit, kanamisin ve sefaleksin'e karşı orta düzeyde direnç saptanırken, sefalotine karşı direnç yoktu. Sonuç olarak Hatay çevresinde keçi sürülerinde subklinik mastitisin prevalansının dikkate değer seviyelerde olduğu, koagülaz negatif stafilokokların en fazla izole edilen mikroorganizmalar olduğu belirlendi. Keçilerde subklinik mastitis tanısında kuvvetli CMT reasksiyonlarının dikkate alınması gerektiği, CMT ve somatik hücre sayılarının mikrobiyolojik yöntemlerle desteklenmeleri gerektiği kanısına varıldı.Öğe Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in Awassi dairy ewes in southern Turkey(2009) Ergün, Yaşar; Aslantaş, Özkan; Doğruer, Gökhan; Kireçci, Ekrem; Sarıbay, Mustafa Kemal; Ateş, Cafer Tayyar; Ülkü, Alev; Demir, CemilIn order to study the prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis a bacteriological survey on 16 Awassi dairy sheep flocks in southern Turkey was conducted. A total of 1458 milk samples from 729 Awassi ewes in mid-lactation were tested with the California mastitis test (CMT). Samples from 170 (11.7%) glands and 135 (18.5%) sheep had positive CMT results. Bacteria were isolated from 93 (6.4%) udder halves and 82 (11.2%) ewes. Positive CMT and bacteriological results were combined to define subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis and positive CMT samples among the different flocks ranged from 1.9% to 11.5% and 2.8% to 21.9% of the glands, and 3.8% to 19% and 5.7% to 31.3% of the ewes, respectively, with averages of 6.4% and 11.7% of the glands, and 11.2% and 18.5% of the ewes, respectively. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most prevalent bacteria, representing 76.5% of the isolates. Staphylococcus epidermidis (35.7%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Staphylococcus xylosus (10.2%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (10.2%), Staphylococcus warneri (9.2%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (7.1%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 Staphylococcus isolates was evaluated in this study. The most effective antibiotics were cephalothin (97.4%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (97.4%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (97.4%), enrofloxacin (94.9%), gentamycin (92.3%), and erythromycin (84.6%). The relationship between CMT +1 score and the Staphylococcus spp. isolation rate was statistically significant (P < 0.001). It was concluded that subclinical mastitis is not highly prevalent and it does not pose a significant health problem for milking Awassi sheep flocks in southern Turkey.Öğe Subklinik inek mastitislerinden izole edilen stafilokok türlerinde biyofilm üretiminin araştırılması(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2008) Demir, Cemil; Aslantaş, ÖzkanBu çalışmada, subklinik inek mastitislerinden izole edilen 127'si Staphylococcus aureus ve 65'i koagulaz negatif stafilokok (KNS) toplam 192 stafilokok suşunun biyofilm üretimi Kongo Red Agar (CRA), Mikropleyt (MP) ve Standart Tüp (ST) testleri kullanılarak araştırıldı ve test sonuçları karşılaştırıldı. İncelenen stafilokok suşlarının CRA, MP ve ST testleri ile biyofilm üretimi sırasıyla %72.4, %67,7 ve %62.9 oranında pozitif bulundu. CRA, MP ve ST testleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılık saptanmadı (p>0.05). Ayrıca, stafilokok suşlarının çeşitli antibiyotiklere karşı olan dirençlilikleri agar disk diffuzyon yöntemi ile araştırıldı. Biyofilm pozitif (BP) stafilokok suşlarında penisilin G, ampisilin, amoksisilin/klavulanik asit, tetrasiklin, eritromisin, gentamisin, enrofloksasin olan direnç oranları sırasıyla %73.8, %69.7, %6.2, %20.7, %21.4, %1.4, %0.7, biyofilm üretmeyen (BN) stafilokok suşlarında ise %42.6, %23.4, %4.3, % 14.9, %19.1, %0.0 olarak tespit edildi. İncelenen tüm stafilokoklar ise vankomisin ve teikoplanine duyarlı bulundu. Antibiyotiklere dirençlilik oranları BP suşlarda BN suşlara göre daha yüksek bulunmakla birlikte, sadece penisilin, ampisilin ve eritromisine dirençlilik oranları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05).Sonuç olarak, stafilokok suşlarında biyofilm üretiminin belirlenmesinde CRA testinin daha pratik ve spesifik olduğu, antibiyotiklere direnç gelişiminde de slime üretiminin önemli rol oynadığı kanısına varıldı.Anahtar Sözcükler: Slime, antibiyotik direnci, inek mastitisi, Staphylococcus spp.Öğe Treatment of subclinical mastitis in Damascus goats during lactation(Elsevier, 2010) Dogruer, Goekhan; Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Ergun, Yasar; Aslantas, Oezkan; Demir, Cemil; Ates, Cafer TayyarThis study was carried out to determine the efficacy of three treatment protocols for subclinical mastitis during lactation in Damascus goats. For this purpose intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin, intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid and the combination of intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin and intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid were used in goats with subclinical mastitis during lactation. The microbiological treatment rates in the intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin, intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid and the combination of intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin and intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid groups in the 7th and 21st clays after the treatment were 62.5% and 92.5%, 62.5% and 70%, 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. The intramammarian and intramuscular combination group was found to have a statistically higher treatment rate than other two groups on the 7th clay. On the 21st day intramammarian and combination groups were found to have statistically better treatment rates than that of intramuscular group. It was concluded that the goat subclinical mastitis could be successfully treated during lactation. While the intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin treatment had the best treatment rates, the combination of intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid was also successful. Intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid as the sole treatment was not as effective as intramammarian therapy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
