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Öğe Apoptosisinbovineocularsquamousecellcarcinomas(2022) Kutlu, Tuncer; Karakurt, Emin; Aydın, Uğur; Beytut, Enver; Özaydın, İsa; Dağ, Serpil; Aksoy, ÖzgürAim: Cell death, especially apoptosis, is one of the most studied topics regarding cells. Understanding the mechanism of apoptosis in\rdiseases will help understand the pathogenesis of diseases, as well\ras the treatment. This study aims to grade the Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) and to evaluate apoptosis in tumors\rwith different anaplastic features.\rMaterials and Methods: A total of 30 formalin-fixed tumor tissues\rconsisting of 10 poorly-differentiated, 10 moderately-differentiated,\rand 10 well-differentiated tissues were used to examine apoptosis in\rBOSCCs. Hematoxylin & eosin (HE) was performed for histopathological examination and TUNEL staining was performed for detection\rof apoptosis in all BOSCCs.\rResults: It was determined that apoptosis decreased as the malignancy increased in BOSCCs (p<0.001). Although all the tumors\rexamined were malignant, apoptosis, i.e. controlled cell death, was\rfound to be severe in well-differentiated type and mild in moderate\rand poorly-differentiated types.\rConclusion: It was concluded that this case observed in bovines\rshould be considered in studies on the pathogenesis of cancer and\rtreatment.Öğe Bisphenol AF Caused Reproductive Toxicity in Rats and Cineole Co-Treatment Exhibited Protective Effect(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Uyar, Ahmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Kanat, Ozgur; Etyemez, Muhammed; Kutlu, Tuncer; Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yilmaz; Yavas, IlkerBisphenol AF (BPAF) is increasingly used and now found in products intended for human consumption. The protective effect of 1,8-cineole (CIN) against BPAF-induced reproductive toxicity was investigated. Four groups were created, with each group consisting of eight rats: control, BPAF (200 mg/kg), CIN (200 mg/kg), and BPAF + CIN groups. The results demonstrated that the BPAF group exhibited a decline in testosterone levels and a decrease in sperm parameters compared with the control. Additionally, higher levels of MDA were observed, along with lower levels of GSH and GPx activity. CAT activity also decreased slightly. Tnf-alpha, Nf-kappa B levels were significantly higher, and caspase-3 expression was elevated, while PCNA expression decreased. BPAF significantly increased tissue degeneration compared with the control. However, the BPAF + CIN group showed statistically significant improvements in sperm parameters, except for concentration. They also exhibited an increase in testosterone levels and an improvement in MDA and GSH levels compared with the BPAF group. However, GPx activity partially enhanced. Tnf-alpha and Nf-kappa B levels were significantly reduced, and caspase-3 levels declined while PCNA and Bcl-2 levels increased. The Johnsen Testicular Biopsy score showed a substantial increase. Overall, these results suggest that CIN co-treatment in rats enhanced reproductive health and exhibited antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties against BPAF-induced testicular damage.Öğe Carvacrol showed a curative effect on reproductive toxicity caused by Bisphenol AF via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Uyar, Ahmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Kanat, Ozgur; Etyemez, Muhammed; Kutlu, Tuncer; Deveci, Mehmet Yilmaz Zeki; Yavas, IlkerBisphenol AF (BPAF) is an endocrine disruptor, and human exposure to these chemicals is growing in industrialized nations. BPAF has been demonstrated in studies to have toxic effects on reproductive health. This study examined the effects of oral exposure to BPAF on the reproductive system and the protective effects of carvacrol in rats. From 32 Wistar albino rats, four separate groups were set up for this purpose. Carvacrol 75 mg/kg and BPAF 200 mg/kg were administered by oral gavage method. Rat sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels were measured after 28 days of administration. The study looked at the MDA in the testis tissues, as well as CAT, GPx, and GSH as antioxidants parameters, NF-& kappa;B and TNF-& alpha; as inflammatory markers, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 as apoptosis parameters, and PCNA as cell proliferation markers. In addition, testis tissues underwent histological evaluation. As a result, in rats exposed to only BPAF, sperm counts declined, testosterone levels reduced, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis increased, and cell proliferation decreased. Furthermore, severe disruptions in tissue architecture and decreased spermatogenesis were reported. In contrast, sperm parameters improved, testosterone levels increased, oxidative stress and inflammation decreased, and apoptosis was prevented in the carvacrol-treated group compared to the BPAF-only group. It was also found that spermatogenesis was maintained, and structural abnormalities in testicular tissue were mostly avoided with an increase in PCNA expression. According to the findings, despite BPAF-induced testicular and reproductive toxicity, carvacrol had therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cell proliferation-increasing, and anti-apoptotic activities.Öğe Clinicopathological Evaluation of Clear Cell Hidradenoma (Acrospiroma) Within Multiple Tumor Complex in a Dog(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2018) Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Kutlu, Tuncer; Ergin, Irem; Sonmez, GoncaBackground: Clear cell hidradenoma (acrospiroma) is adnexal tumors that arise from the distal excretory duct of eccrine sweat glands. It is generally defined in humanbeings. It presents solitary structure in firmness nodule. Most frequently are encountered in head, face, and upper extremities in humans. Hidradenomas are called generally by definition benign. Their malignant transformations and metastasis are seen very rarely. In veterinary literature database, the malignant form of tumor has been defined as an unique report in four dogs. They are extremely rare tumors in dogs. It is not documented within multiple tumor complex up to now. Case: In the case, three tumors were detected in a 9-year-old neutered female German shepherd dog. After clinical examination, a complete surgical resection of all masses was performed and masses were sent to Pathology for diagnosis. A mass on the right last rib was a 8x6 cm in diameters with severe ulceration. The mass had a hard texture, immobility and irregular borders. Other masses were localized on the back and left caudo-abdominal manunary lobe. Tumors on the back and the mammary lobe did not invade muscle layer, but the tumor on the last rib aggressively invaded surrounding tissue and were very difficult to remove surgically After macroscopy, all the masses were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (I I&E), Mayer's mucicarmine and Periodic Acid Shiff (PAS) stainings. In the first mass, there were multilobular epithelial islands between prominent fibrous septa from the upper to deep of dermis. The neoplastic cells were generally round or polyhedral in shape. Some of cytoplasms were eosinophilic at different degree. But cytoplasms were generally finely granular and vesicular or clear in appearance. Some cells had possible glycogen deposits. Nucleus was oval to round and had fine reticular chromatin and a distinct nucleolus. The tumor was diagnosed as clear cell hidradenoma. Others were was belonged to hemangioma on the back and malignant mixed tumor in the mammary gland. Discussion: In our case, two cell types having benign characteristics were also noted. Some clear cells contained PAS (+) material showing glycogen deposits. Additionally, there were some fibrous septa separating those cell islands. Thus, it is thought that the histopathology shows parallelism to many reports described in human beigns. Clear cell hidradenoma described in this case is first documentation as benign counterpart on the basis of veterinary literatures even though a previous report including clear cell hidradenocarcinoma in four dogs. And also, it has been reported to be very rarely seen tumor in human beings. However, any hormonies in terms of its predilection site can not be found among the cases with clear cell hidradenoma in human counterparts, because the tumor is encountered at skin of last right rib. This situation has shown us the tumor does not select any predilection site as described in this case. It has been understood on the basis of literatures that this is the first case report of describing benign tumor of ecrine sweat duct in dogs. Also, there has been no any documentation regarding in this multiple tumor complex.Öğe Comparison of renal lesions in cats and dogs using pathomorphological and immunohistochemical methods(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Kutlu, Tuncer; Alcigir, GunayWe investigated the pathogenesis of chronic renal fibrosis in cats and dogs using immunohistochemistry. We used the avidin-biotin complex peroxidase (ABC-P) method with antibodies against transforming growth factor-beta 1, cytokeratin, E-cadherin, S100A4, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and nestin to determine whether tubule epithelial cells had undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) that resulted in loss of epithelial cells and an increased number of mesenchymal cells. Although nephrosis was more common in dogs, nephritis was more common in cats; these pathologies developed in both kidneys. We found that EMT participated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in both dogs and cats.Öğe Concomitant mammary tuberculosis and malignant mixed tumor in a dog(2018) Kutsal, Osman; Müştak, Hamit Kaan; Kaya, İnci Başak; Tenekeci, Gözde Yücel; Kutlu, TuncerTüberküloz ve tümörler hem insanlarda hem de hayvanlarda gözlenen önemli birer sağlık problemi olup bu iki hastalık arasındaki ilişki hakkında halen çok soru işaretleri mevcuttur. Bu olguda 8 yaşlı, dişi, terrier bir köpekte malign miks tümör ve prodüktif tüberkülozün birlikte seyrettiği gözlendi. Klinikte operasyonla alınan sol meme zinciri patolojik yönden incelenmesi için getirildi. Histopatolojik inceleme için doku %10'luk tamponlu formalin solüsyonunda tespit edildi. Rutin doku takibinin ardından hazırlanan parafin bloklardan kesitler alınarak hematoksilen eozin ve asid fast tüberküloz basili tespiti için Ziehl- Neelsen boyamaları yapıldı. Mikroskobik incelemede atipik neoplazik bez epitel hücreleri ile merkezinde kazeifikasyon nekrozu bulunan tüberküllere rastlandı. Ayrıca Mycobacterium spp. PCR amplifikasyonu ile teyit edildi. Tüberküloz ve tümörün bir arada bulunması daha önce sadece bir keçide bildirilmiş olup evcil hayvanlarda nadir gözlenen bir olgudurÖğe Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor in a dog(Kafkas Üniversitesi, 2019) Alçığır, Mehmet Eray; Kutlu, Tuncer; Çolakoğlu, Ekrem Çağatay; Dinç, CeydaA 13-year-old, neutered female Husky dog was brought to the clinic with the complaints of anorexia, vomiting, abdominal distension and respiratory distress. It was suddenly died during intervention. At the necropsy, a mass was seen in the abdominal cavity. The mass had 16x15x9 cm in diameters. Histological examination revealed clusters of cells with slightly eosinophilic and scanty cytoplasm, small round hyperchromatic nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli encompassed by hypocellular extensive desmoplastic connective tissue stroma comprising few spindle-shaped connective tissue cells. In immunohistochemical examination the cytoplasms of tumour cells were detected to be mildly positive by nestin. The tumour cells were negative for α-SMA (Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin), vimentin and pancytokeratin, but stromal cells were positive for α-SMA and vimentin. Despite the presence of partially incompatible immunohistochemical findings, the tumor in this case was diagnosed as desmoplastic small round-cell tumor because its aggressiveness, localization, and histopathology was similar to that observed for this tumor in humans. Previously this tumor has not been identified in animals.Öğe Effect of exogenous Melatonin administration on Spermatogenesis in chronic unpredictable stress rat model(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Gokcek, Ishak; Aydin, Leyla; Cellat, Mustafa; Yavas, Ilker; Kutlu, TuncerThis study investigated the hormonal, inflammatory, oxidant-antioxidant, and histopathological effects of exogenous Melatonin administration on Spermatogenesis in rats' chronic unpredictable stress model (CUSM). In the study, stress caused a decrease in follicle stimulating-hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Testosterone, Melatonin, Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels and motility, and an increase in Corticosterone, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), abnormal sperm, dead/live sperm ratio and exogenous Melatonin reduced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress and improved spermatological parameters (P<0.05). Melatonin also partially corrected stress-induced changes in testicular morphology. As a result, using Melatonin in rats with CUSM may be effective in improving spermatological parameters through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.Öğe Effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed on growth performance, blood parameters, liver oxidant/anti-oxidant levels and fatty liver syndrome in quails(Urmia Univ, 2023) Cimrin, Tulay; Alasahan, Sema; Kazak, Filiz; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kisacam, Mehmet AliThis research aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed (BCS) on growth performance, blood parameters, liver oxidant/anti-oxidant levels and fatty liver syndrome in quails. Four hundred and thirty-two unsexed (male and female) three-day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were divided into four treatment groups (108 chicks per group) with six replicates (18 chicks per replicate). Control and experimental groups were fed for 35 days with basal quail feed including 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00% BCS supplement, respectively. At the end, a total of 96 quails, 24 from each group (12 females and 12 males) were slaughtered. The BCS-addition did not affect the growth performance in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Addition of BCS to the diet significantly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and urea amounts compared to the controls. Whereas, cholesterol decreased significantly with the addition of only 1.00% and low-density lipoprotein with the addition of 0.50 and 1.00% BCS compared to the controls. Liver glutathione levels significantly elevated in 0.50 and 1.00% BCS fed groups; while, glutathione peroxidase levels significantly decreased in 1.00 and 2.00% BCS fed groups. Adding 1.00 and 2.00% BCS to the feed reduced fatty liver incidence in male quails. It is concluded that adding 0.50 and 1.00% BCS positively affects the blood and liver parameters; therefore, BCS may be suggested as an anti-oxidant source to help protect hepatocytes against tissue damage as it has a significant effect on maintaining oxidant and anti-oxidant balance.(c) 2023 Urmia University. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of carvacrol on experimental nephrolithiasis in female rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Kutlu, Tuncer; Guvenc, MehmetWe induced experimental nephrolithiasis in female rats using ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC). We investigated the effects of carvacrol, an essential oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on nephrolithiasis using histopathology, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry. We used 40 female rats divided into four equal groups: control group, administered olive oil; carvacrol group, administered carvacrol in olive oil; nephrolithiasis group, administered EG and AC to induce experimental nephrolithiasis; treatment group with induced nephrolithiasis and administered carvacrol in olive oil. We observed no significant difference in crystal accumulation in the treatment group compared to the nephrolithiasis group. We found a significant reduction in hydropic degeneration of tubules and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration of intertubule areas. We also found a significant reduction in immunohistochemical staining of macrophage- and monocyte-specific antigens. Carvacrol treatment reversed the induced nephrolithiasis, increased malondialdehyde and urea, and decreased levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Although carvacrol did not decrease crystal accumulation, it reduced pathological and biochemical damage, and improved kidney function by lowering the serum urea level.Öğe Effects of incubator oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on hatchability of fertile eggs, some blood parameters, and histopathological changes of broilers with different parental stock ages in high altitude(Elsevier, 2022) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Yigit, Ayse Arzu; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kabakci, Ruhi; Ozsoy, Sule YurdagulThe effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) concentrations with parental stock age (PSA) on embryonic deaths (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs (IVP) as control (C; 0.67% CO2 and 20.33% O-2), high CO2 (HC; 1.57% CO2 and 20.26% O-2), high O-2 (HO; 0.50% CO2 and 21.16% O-2), and high CO2 + O-2 (HCO; 1.17% CO2 21.03% O-2) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED (EED) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage +pipped but unhatched ED (MLPED) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO (P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP (P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.Öğe Investigation of potential protective effects of Betanin on experimental Monosodium Glutamate-induced toxicity in elderly rats(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Baytar, Gurkan; Kutlu, Tuncer; Ogut, SerdalThis study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of Betanin active ingredient in red beetroot plant ( Beta vulgaris ) in elderly rats exposed to chronic toxicity of monosodium glutamate (MSG). A total of 48 elderly rats were randomly divided into 4 different groups. At the end of the 28-day study, the rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), paraoxonase (PON), thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were investigated in rat blood serum using the spectrophotometric method. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated by dividing TOC by TAC. Total bilirubin was measured with the colorimetric method using an ELISA kit. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) for histopathological examination. The difference in serum levels of TAC, TOC, OSI, PON, MDA, and thiol was statistically significant between the groups ( P <0.05). The difference in serum levels of NO and total bilirubin was not statistically significant between the groups ( P >0.05). The analysis of histopathological findings revealed uncommon mild hydropic degeneration in the MSG group and almost normal histological appearance in the MSG+Betanin group. This study demonstrated that betanin could increase the antioxidant effect and reduce the histopathological damage caused by MSG.Öğe Investigation of the effects of safranal on the experimentally created rheumatoid arthritis model in rats(Wiley, 2022) Cellat, Mustafa; Isler, Cafer T.; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kuzu, Muslum; Etyemez, Muhammed; Alakus, Halil; Guvenc, MehmetRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic disease characterized by inflammation and synovitis. More effective treatment methods with less side effects need to be developed. In this context, current study investigated the therapeutic effects of safranal in a model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA. The control group was given 1 ml of saline orally starting from the 8th day, and 0.2 ml of CFA was given to the RA, RA + Safranal and RA + Methotrexate (MTX) groups on the 0th day of the experiment. Starting from the 8th day of the experiment, 1 ml of saline was given to the RA group, safranal was given at 200 mg/kg of body weight to the RA + MTX group, and 3 mg/kg of MTX to the RA + MTX group twice a week. The results showed that weight gain decreased in the RA group compared to the control group while arthritis index score, thymus index, and planter temperature were found to be increased. Additionally, a deterioration in blood parameters, an increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde levels, and a decrease in reduced glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT) activities were seen while tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B levels were found to be increased. However, the safranal had a regulatory effect on all the values, except IL-6 and CAT, and blood parameters. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed that safranal reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.Öğe Investigation of the neuroprotective effect of kefir in experimental spinal cord injury(Ankara Univ, 2023) Yurtal, Ziya; Kutlu, Tuncer; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Ozsoy, Bulent; Alakus, Halil; Yurdagul Ozsoy, SuleIn this study, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of kefir were investigated in spinal cord injury that was experimentally created on rats with a compression trauma model. A total of 56 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Daily freshly prepared 18 ml/kg/day of kefir was given by oral gavage to animals 7 days before and during the trauma and during the trauma. Spinal cord injury was created according to the weight drop method. On the 1st and 7th days before euthanasia, intracardiac blood was collected for analysis, and then they were sacrificed. The damaged spinal cord segments were examined biochemically, immunohistochemically, and histopathologically. When compared to the sham groups, kefir had a positive effect in the preconditioning and treatment groups by decreasing spinal cord bleeding, edema, myelin sheath damage, liquefactive necrosis, neuronal necrosis, selectivity of canalis centralis, and gitter cell levels significantly. When compared to the sham groups, kefir was found to have a positive effect in the treatment groups by decreasing the neuron specific enolase (NSE), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and myelin basic protein (MBP) levels significantly on the 1st and 7th days, and by increasing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level significantly. As a result, it was demonstrated that kefir had a protective and therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury.Öğe The Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Batimastat Reduces Epidural Fibrosis After Laminectomy in Rats(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2023) Yurtal, Ziya; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kutlu, Tuncer; Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yilmaz; Urfali, Boran; Urfali, SenemAIM: To investigate the efficacy of locally applied batimastat after laminectomy in preventing postoperative epidural fibrosis. MATERIAL and METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The rats were assigned to four different groups (I-Control group, II-sham group, III-Laminectomy+Batimastat group, and IV-Laminectomy+Spongostan (TM) group). The rats were euthanized 28 days after surgery before TNF-alpha, IL6, IL-1 beta, IL10, TGF-beta 1, and MMP9 gene expression levels of tissue in the surgical area were determined with qPCR. TNF-alpha, IL6, and IL10 protein levels were also measured in both tissue and plasma. In addition, the surgical area was evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: TNF-alpha, IL6, and IL-1 beta gene expression levels were higher in the batimastat group than in the control group. Whereas IL10 gene expression levels increased about two-fold in the sham and Spongostan (TM) groups, in the batimastat group, it was similar to that in the control group. TGF-beta 1 gene expression was three-fold higher in the sham group but was similar to that in the control group in both batimastat and Spongostan (TM) groups. MMP9 gene expression levels significantly decreased only in the batimastat group. In addition, fibrosis score, fibroblast cell count, inflammatory cell count, and CD105 expression decreased in the batimastat group relative to the control. CONCLUSION: Molecular and pathological examination results suggested that batimastat is an effective agent in reducing the occurrence of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.Öğe Molecular, biochemical, and histopathological effects of long-term low and high-percentage fructose consumption on the liver in rats(Ankara Univ Press, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Kutlu, Tuncer; Yakin, Akin; Ozsoy, Sule YurdagulThe aim of this study was to investigate the lipogenic and inflammatory effects of low and high percentage fructose solutions in rats. Wistar albino rats were fed with fructose solutions for 10 weeks. The groups were as follows: Cont (Control), F15 (Fructose 15%), F30 (Fructose 30%), and F60 (Fructose 60%). Rats' body weights were measured weekly. Also, lipogenic and inflammatory gene expression levels, biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes in the liver were investigated. After 10 weeks, it was observed that the animals in the F60 were the heaviest, while the animals in the F30 were the lightest. In all experimental groups, triglycerides were significantly higher than those of controls (P<0.05). In F30 and F60, TNF alpha, IL-6, and IL-1/1 were upregulated in the liver compared to control (P<0.05). In addition, SREBP-1c, ChREBP, FAS, ACACA, and SCD-1 were upregulated in all fructose feeding groups compared to Cont (P<0.05). The livers of rats in the F30 and F60 groups had degenerative changes and steatosis. The most detrimental effects of fructose were observed in F60. The concentration of fructose was found to be a very important factor for maintaining normal liver physiology at the molecular level.Öğe Pathological Changes of Urinary System in a Dog with Urolithiasis and Renal Papillary Necrosis(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2019) Kutlu, Tuncer; Yucel-Tenekeci, Gozde; Pekcan, Mert; Kule, Emir Yengi; Kutsal, OsmanBackground: Urolithiasis is one of the important lower urinary tract diseases in dogs. Uroliths develop when urine becomes supersaturated. Struvite urolithiasis in dogs is formed when urine saturated with magnesium, ammonium and phosphate. Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla. The aim of this case is the evaluation of histopathological changes in kidney and urinary bladder caused by urolithiasis with sitruvite, a pathology commonly seen in dogs. Renal papillary necrosis that encountered in the case was evaluated histopathologically. We intend to discuss the relationship between urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis. Case: The material of the case was a 7.5 year-old Rottweiler female dog that had been operated for the urolithiasis treatment and died after surgery. The animal sent to pathology department was necropsied and evaluated histopathologically. Also the uroliths removed during the surgery were sent for analysis postoperatively. Qualitative composition of uroliths was determined by a series of chemical analyses in Department of Biochemistry. X-ray diffraction was performed as well in General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration in the objective of result verification. Macroscopically, 30 pieces uroliths with varying size from 1 mm to 3 cm were seen in urinary bladder. They were 110 g in weight with smooth surface and round and/or ovoid shapes. After necropsy, specimens from kidney and urinary bladder were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, cut at 5 mu m, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Bladder wall thickening and hemorrhage on mucosa were noticed. Kidneys had roughened surface with the capsule being difficult to peel off. Also, renal papillary necrosis, reddish in color was observed in papilla of the right kidney. Microscopically, crystal formations were observed proximal tubule lumens of kidneys. Interstitial nephritis in cortex and medulla had been noticed in both kidneys. Interstitial nephritis has been noticed in both kidneys. Hemorrhagic necrotic area demarcated by connective tissue was encountered in medulla of the right kidney. In the lamina propria of urinary bladder hemorrhage were noted. Desquamation and degeneration of lamina epithelialis and wide hemorrhage area in lamina propria were noted in urinary bladder. Results obtained from biochemical analysis were verified with x-ray diffraction method, uroliths were determined as magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite). Discussion: Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla, caused by ischemia of the inner medulla of the kidney. According to the first report of renal papillary necrosis, symmetrical soft calyceal concretions and their appearances are typical lesions for diagnosis of renal papillary necrosis. The presence of crystals in the tubule lumen and the formation of struvite stone (which has the same chemical composition with calyceal concretions) established a distinct relationship between urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis. This case showed that struvite stones can reach large volumes in urinary bladder, and caused bladder wall thickness and hemorrhages. Also, the lower urinary tract obstruction or urolithiasis should be remembered in the renal papillary necrosis together with the risk of hydronephrosis.Öğe Pathomorphological and Immunohistochemical Findings of Subacute Lobullary Calcifying Panniculitis in Two Cats(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2018) Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Kutlu, Tuncer; Alcigir, GunayThis report aimed to reveal the characteristics of calcifying panniculitis in two cats. Two biopsies taken from the lumbosacral region of an 8-month old and a 1-year old, male, mixed breed cats were evaluated. Macroscopically, there were masses of different sizes varying from 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter. The masses had a generally firmness and were grayish-white in colour. Histopathology revealed necrotic and degenerative lipocytes in lobules of subcutaenous fat tissue. In some areas, there were lymphocyte, macrophage and neutrophil leukocytes infiltrations and connective tissue proliferation. There were also large calcifying areas at the centre of degenerated-necrotic fat lobules. Alizarin Red S detected the calcifying areas and Masson's trichrome differentiated connective tissue proliferation. In ABC-P, CD3 slightly reacted with lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. Vimentin moderately reacted with connective tissue proliferation at the periphery of the necrotic areas and the septum. A1AC reacted in the cytoplasm of macrophages and peripheral necrotic areas. No reaction was determined with A1AT. In conclusion, such cases have not been documented in veterinary pathology. It is believed that the two cats possibly had a renal deficiency problem or nephrotic syndrome in the pathogenetic mechanism. It was also considered that A1AC (serine proteinase inhibitor) expressions could have a role in such cases despite there being no A1AT (another serine proteinase inhibitor) expression.Öğe Pathomorphological and immunohıstochemical evaluation of unilateral progressive Mooren's ulcer in a cat(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018) Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Kutlu, Tuncer; Ergin, Irem; Karabulut, Sefika; Alcigir, GunayBackground: Mooren's ulcer is a chronic and painful ulceration of the cornea. It begins progressively in the periphery and spread centrally in cornea. In human, it is seen uniaterally in most of cases. Mooren ulcer has not been reported in any kind of animals up to now. Although its aetiology is not completely enlighted, it has been suspected of the inflammatory reaction against injuries-microbiological and immun mediated effects. Immun response in presence of accumulation of immune complexes into the limbal vessels.As a result of the deficit in the regulatory mechanism because the number of suppressor cells control over B and T lymphocytes, These situations can result in a progressive tendancy to inflammation because the production of autoantibodies and/or lymphokine from cytotoxic T-lymhocytes creates an immune-mediated vasculitis. Numerous immigrant inflammatory cells and proteins are evaded from vessels. After triggering inflammatory cells and releasing of meditors, corneal vascularization, scar tissue and re-epithelization develop. This regenerative-reperative process plays an important role during post-inflammatory process. Case: In this case, it was aimed to detect pathomorphological structure and immunologic relations in progressive Mooren's ulcer (MU). A 1 year-old mix breed cat was submitted to clinic with complaints of progressive painful and eyesight loss in left eye. There were 1 cm-ulceration, opacification and old haemorrhagic areas at peripheral cornea. Histopathologically, there was wide ulceration including all layers of corneal epithelium and particularly vacuolar degeneration at suprabasal cells. In corneal stroma, numerous neutrophiles and mononuclear cells were infiltrated. Neovascularisation and fibrosis beginning from limbus were also present. This fibrotic progress was confirmed by Masson's trichrome staining method. Immunohistochemically, Cytokeratin 3 (CK3) and cytokeratin 12 (CK12) positivities showing regenerative activity of suprabasal and basal cells were not widespread. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) positivities were generally weak in epithelial cells. In stroma, moderate vimentin positivities were detected proliferated in fibrocytes originating from limbus. ?1-antichymotrypsin (A1AC) was mildly reacted in neutrophiles. CD3 and CD4 confirmed the presence of regulatory and helper T lymphocytes. CD3 and CD8 marked cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD20 marked B lymphocytes in inflammatory areas. CD34 were also positive in peripheral corneal stem cells derived from limbal basal epitheliums in partly regenerated area. CD57 positivity in T lymphocytes and NK cells and CD68 positivity in macrophages were attended to the area. Discussion: CD1a positivity in T lymphocytes proved mediating lipid and microbial origin glycolipid antigens. TUNEL reactions showing DNA in situ fragmentation were present in the destructive and aging epithelial cells at periphery. In conclusion, the case has been found as unique in terms of its immunohistochemical characterization. The markers show that CD1a and CD68 expressions follow different progress in animals unlike in humanbeings even though the ulcer of pathogenetic mechanism is found identical to humanbeings.. The roles of CD20 and CD57 markers have potential roles in this ulcer. It is also concluded that insufficient epithelial regeneration, fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis showed progressive Mooren's ulcers having possibly microbial origin. © 2018 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. All rights reserved.Öğe Pilomatricoma in a Papillon Dog(2020) Kutlu, Tuncer; Monsef, Yanad Abou; Ergin, İrem; Kutsal, OsmanPilomatricoma is a benign adnexal skin neoplasm uncommonly reported in dogs. Three nodules surgically removed from the back of a 13-year-old female papillon dog at the Surgery Department of Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, formed the material of this study. The masses formation started six months earlier. Surgically resected nodules were sent to the Pathology Department of Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, for a detailed histopathological examination. Grossly, the nodules were 1x0,5x0,5 cm; 2x2x1 cm and 1x1x1 cm in diameter and covered with ulcerated skin. The masses were elastic in consistency with yellow-reddish cut sections. Histopathological examination revealed subcutaneous cystic structures surrounded by ghost cells or shadow cells and containing keratin filaments on the surface in all the nodules. The tumor was diagnosed according to the pilomatricoma chronological staging method used in human medicine as an early stage of pilomatricoma due to the presence of cystic structures and the absence of calcification and giant cells. This study is thought to assist by the definition of early lesion of canine pilomatricoma to the histopathological classification of pilomatricomas in canine species.
