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Öğe Adaptation of Some Foreign Almond Cultivars in Dortyol (Hatay) Ecological Conditions(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.This study was carried out during the years between 2002 and 2006. The aim of this tudy was to determine the phenological, pomological characteristics and yielding status performance of three foreign almond cultivars (Texas, Nonpareil and Drake) in Dortyol (Hatay), Turkey, which has a Mediterranean climate. Drake was found to be the latest flowering cultivar, while Nonpareil and Texas were the earliest flowering. In these cultivars, the nut shell weights varied in the range 1.70-2.42 g, kernel weights in the range 0.81-1.04 g, the percentage of kernel in the range 43.58-48.44%, the shell thickness in the range 1.57-2.50 mm and the double kernel ratio in the range 3.9-6.0% were determined. Average over five years the highest yields per tree were 2.53 kg in Nonpareil and 2.21 kg in Drake.Öğe Apricot Production in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Hatay, Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2010) Polat, A. A.Turkey is one of the most important producers of apricots in the world. In 2006, Turkey ranks first in the world apricot production yielding approximately 460,000 tonnes (t). Apricots in Turkey are grown either for table use or for drying, although production for drying is much higher. Table apricots are mostly grown in the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea regions. Especially the Mediterranean region has the most suitable ecological conditions for growing table apricot. The first fresh apricot fruits come to market from this region. According to 2006 statistics, 24% of total apricot production of Turkey is from the coastal Mediterranean zone. In Hatay, which is located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region, apricot production is centred in Iskenderun, Dortyol and Antakya. According to 2006 data, 5,263 tonnes of apricot were produced in Hatay. Out of this, 26.2% was from Iskenderun, 19.8% from Dortyol and 18.4% from Antakya district. Studies to determine production potential and possible problems in the Hatay region revealed that there were significant problems in orchard establishment, cultivar selection, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, cultivation techniques, harvesting and postharvest applications. Future studies to find solutions to these problems should increase apricot production and may, therefore, increase both domestic consumption and export potential.Öğe Budding and Rooting Success of Loquat on Quince-A and BA-29 Quince Rootstocks(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Bermede, A. O.; Polat, A. A.'Champagne de Grasse' and 'Ottowiani' loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) were patch and chip budded on cuttings of Quince-A and BA 29 quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) and planted in mist propagation units. 'Champagne de Grasse'/BA 29 budded on 15th Nov., 2005 were more successful (58.3%) than those on Quince-A (50.0%). The success rate on April 22, 2006 was 79.4 and 69.1%, for BA-29 and Quince-A, respectively. 'Ottowiani' budded on the both rootstocks on June 24, 2006 gave 100% success; however, no cuttings rooted in the experiment. Unbudded rootstock quince cuttings treated with 1000 ppm IBA and planted in mist propagation units on April 26, 2006 showed 14.0% rooting for Quince-A and 1.0% for BA-29. When quince cuttings were planted on Sept. 27, 2006, budding success with 'Quince-A' was 54.0% with 26.0% rooting; with BA-29, there were no successful bud take, and only 0.5% rooting was obtained.Öğe The Current and Future Situations for Sweet Cherry Production in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Hatay, Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2008) Polat, A. A.; Durgac, C.; Serce, S.In most countries, large-scale sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) production usually occurs in small climatically suitable regions. There are large areas in Turkey that are suitable for sweet cherry production, such as Hatay, which is located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region with production centered in Belen and Iskenderun. According to 2004 data, 530 t of sweet cherries were produced in Hatay. Of this, 59% was from Belen and 36% from Iskenderun. Studies to determine production potential and possible problems in the Hatay region revealed that the origins of the sweet cherries grown in the region are unknown, and an important cultivar mixture was observed as well. Moreover, significant problems were determined for orchard establishment, cultivar selection, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, cultivation techniques, harvesting and postharvest applications. Future studies to find solutions to these problems should increase sweet cherry production and may, therefore, increase both domestic consumption and export potential.Öğe Determination of Fruit Quality Parameters of Sweet Cherries Grown in High Elevation Regions in Hatay, Turkey(International Society Horticultural Science, 2008) Polat, A. A.; Durgac, C.; Kamiloglu, OeThe Belen region of Hatay, Turkey, which has a high elevation (700 to 1000 m) has suitable ecological conditions for sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) production, the main income for Benlidere's growers. However, the origins of the sweet cherries grown in the region are unknown and there is a mixture of important cultivars. This study was conducted to determine the quality parameters of the sweet cherries grown in the region. The study was carried out in the Benlidere village of Belen. Two sweet cherry orchards, differing 140 m in altitude, were selected and the fruit from the genotypes grown in these orchards were compared. From 1995 to 1998, the fruit harvested from these orchards were sampled and pomological analyses, such as average fruit weight, fruit dimension, pedicel length, seed weight, total soluble solids (TSS) and acidity, were measured. Harvest date varied between the 15(th) of May and 22(th) June. Averaged over four years, the fruit weights of the genotypes varied from 2.6 g to 6.4 g, and the TSS ranged from 13.1% to 18.0%. It was concluded that sweet cherry production in the region could be improved with new cultivars and modern production techniques.Öğe Determination of Fruit Set Ratios of Loquat Genotypes in the Mediterranean Coastal Region of Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.This study was conducted to determine fruit set ratios of cultivars of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. 'Hafif Cukurgobek', 'Sayda', 'Gold Nugget', 'Ottowianni', 'Lapta B-2', 'Baduna 5', 'Guzelyurt 1', 'Sampiyon', 'Lapta M' and 'Lapta 1') on the coast of the Mediterranean region of Turkey between 2007 and 2009. Altitude of the experimental site was 9 m a.s.l. (36 degrees 09' E, 36 degrees 51' N). Trees were budded onto seedlings and planted 6x6 m apart in 1997. To determine fruit set, four branch was randomly selected from all four directions on each tree. Percent blossom ratios, % initial fruit set, and % final fruit set were determined during the experimental period. Fruit set was significantly different depending on the year and cultivar. According to three-year averages, fruit set had higher ratios on 'Ottowianni' (12.0%), 'Gold Nugget' (11.7%), 'Sampiyon' (11.5%), 'Hafif Cukurgobek' (11.5%), and 'Sayda' (10.2%).Öğe Determination of Growth and Fruit Quality Parameters of Some Apricot Cultivars in Subtropical Climate Conditions of Turkish Mediterranean Region(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2010) Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.This study was conducted in Hatay (Dortyol), located in the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey from 2002 to 2005. The study aimed at assessing some phenological and pomological characteristics such as flowering period, average fruit weight, fruit dimensions, flesh/seed ratio, acidity and total soluble solids (TSS) in 4 apricot cv. In addition, the vegetative growth of the cultivars was evaluated by measuring the trunk diameters and lengths of annual shoots. Over four years, the highest average fruit weight was obtained from 'Early Kishinewski' (62.54 g), whereas the weight of the 'Priana's fruits was the lowest (26.37 g). The flesh/seed ratio was the highest in the 'Early Kishinewski' (16.46). 'Bebeco' had the highest TSS content with 12.83%, whereas 'Precoce de Tyrinthe' had the lowest TSS value with 9.77%. 'Priana' ripened the earliest (13 May) while 'Early Kishinewski' was the latest ripening cv. (5 June). The average yield was higher in 'Precoce de Tyrinthe' and 'Bebeco' than others for yield/tree. In conclusion, based upon precocity, yield and taste, 'Priana', 'Precoce de Tyrinthe' and 'Bebeco' seemed to be good cultivars that could be recommended for planting in the area around and in Dortyol, Turkey.Öğe Effect of Different Environments on Pomological Characteristics of Some Almond Cultivars(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Caliskan, O.; Polat, A. A.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different environments on fruit characteristics of some almond cultivars in Yayladagi (Hatay) ecological conditions. Five almond cultivars were studied: 'Genco', 'Ferraduel', 'Ferragnes', 48-5 and 101-9 planted in two fields in Yayladagi (Hatay), in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Two trials were established in 1996; one trial at Sebenoba village, 36 degrees 02' N, 36 degrees 01' E, 328 m.a.s.l. and one trial at Karakose village, 36 degrees 01' N, 36 degrees 01' E 422 m.a.s.l. Although all the parameters evaluated were higher in Sebenoba, nut and kernel weight, nut and kernel length showed significant differences between the Sebenoba and Karakose locations. The highest nut and kernel weight were found in Sebenoba village conditions. The kernel weights of 'Ferragnes' (1.33 g), 'Genco' (1.28 g) and 'Ferradual' (1.21 g) were bigger than the others. 101-9 and 'Ferragnes' had the highest kernel percentage. In the study, especially 'Ferragnes' gave better results than the others.Öğe Effect of Indolebutyric Acid on Rooting of Mulberry Cuttings(International Society Horticultural Science, 2008) Polat, A. A.Indolebutyric acid (IBA) was evaluated for rooting of four local cultivars of mulberry Morus spp. cvs. Beyrudi, Hatuni, Sami and Yabani in greenhouse experiments at Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey. Cuttings of 20-25 cm in length were taken during the dormant period (January 15 in the first year and February 20 in the second year) from one-year-old shoots. Basal sections (1-2 cm) of the cutting were treated with various concentrations of IBA solution for 10 s before planting. After 93-118 days from cutting, rooting percentage, root number per cutting, average root length (cm) were determined. Most favorable rooting results were obtained from cuttings treated with 5000 ppm IBA. Highest rooting, 31.7%, was obtained with 5000 mg.L(-1) IBA in 'Beyrudi'.Öğe Effect of Natural Lipid on Flowering, Pollination Traits and Fruit Set on Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Demirkeser, T. H.; Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.In this study, the possible effects of lysophosphatidylethanolamine when applied onto eight-year-old Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. loquat cultivar is investigated. Treatments included both single and double applications of lysophosphatidylethanolamine sprayed before bloom and an untreated control. The treated buds were sampled from trees for laboratory pollen experiment and the trees were observed for several flowering, fruit set and harvest traits. In laboratory experiment, the pollen grains were sowed on media having various sucrose concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 %) and incubated on 10, 15 and 20 degrees C. It was observed that pollen germination and tube growth increased on 15 and 20 degrees C incubation temperatures and 10 and 20 % concentrations. The experiment also indicated that single lysophosphatidylethanol ami ne application increased the pollen viability rate (%). Pollen germination rate (%) and pollen tube growth were negatively affected by lysophosphatidylethanolamine treatments when evaluated after 3, 6 and 9 h incubation. The field observations indicated that lysophosphatidylethanolamine conditioned earliness for flowering and harvest date. The double application also had significantly higher fruit set comparing the control. Taken together, the results indicate that lysophosphatidylethanolamine applications may be beneficial for fruit set and earliness in. loquat production.Öğe The Effect of Winter Cold on Flowering of Various Loquat Cultivars(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.A study on the effect of winter cold on flowering of various cultivars of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) was carried out at the Mustafa Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Dortyol Research Station in Hatay, Turkey, in the 2007/2008 season. Dortyol has a typical Mediterranean climate. Ten loquat cultivars were evaluated: 'Hafif Cukurgobek', 'Sayda', 'Gold Nugget', 'Ottowianni', 'Lapta B-2', 'Baduna 5', 'Guzelyurt 1', 'Sampiyon', 'Lapta M' and 'Lapta 1'. Loquat flower buds were more resistant to winter colds than flowers. Flower buds and flowers were more sensitive to low temperatures in the north and south direction of trees. Maximum frost damages were found in 'Lapta 1' and 'Baduna 5'.Öğe Effects of genotype and harvest year on phytochemical and fruit quality properties of Turkish fig genotypes(Spanish Natl Inst Agricultural & Food Research & Technolo, 2012) Caliskan, O.; Polat, A. A.This study was conducted over three harvest years to determine effects of Turkish fig genotypes grown in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey on phytochemical and fruit quality characters. Fruit quality characters such as fruit weight, fruit width, fruit neck length, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, acidity, and TSS/acidity were examined. Total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), antioxidant capacity (TAC), fructose (FRUC), glucose (GLUC), sucrose (SUC), and variables describing fruit skin and flesh colors (L*, a*, C, and h(0)) were also determined. Analysis of the data obtained from 12 fig genotypes, and three harvest years demonstrated a highly significant influence of genotype on phytochemical and fruit quality characters. 'Bursa Siyahi', which has dark black fruit skin, had the highest levels of TA (113.6 mu g cy-3-rutinoside g(-1) fw), TP (105.2 mg GAE/100 g fw), and TAC (10.9 mmol Fe2+ kg(-1) fw). Three yearly averages of fruit weight ranged from 22.8 g ('Sari Incir') to 57.5 g ('Bursa Siyahi'), and ostiole width ranged from 0.9 mm ('Bursa Siyalu') to 3.7 mm (31-IN-16). These results indicate that TP (r = 0.77) contents correlated moderately to TAC, more so than with TA (r = 0.56). Both FRUC and SUC were negatively correlated with TA (r = -0.34 and r = 0.42, respectively). These data demonstrate that genotype is the main influence on the phytochemical and fruit quality characters of figs.Öğe The Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Quality of Loquat Fruits(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Candir, E.; Polat, A. A.; Ozdemir, A. E.; Caliskan, O.; Temizyurek, F.Loquat fruits cultivars 'Gold Nugget' and 'Sayda' were over-wrapped with 12.5 mu-, 14 mu-, or 16 mu-thick PVC films and kept at 0 degrees C for 60 days. Percent weight loss, skin color (L*, hue angle), firmness (N), total soluble solids (%TSS), titratable acidity (%TA), physiological and fungal disorders were determined immediately after harvest and at 15-day intervals. Over-wrapping with 12.5 mu-thick PVC film resulted in higher weight loss in both cultivars. Incidence of skin browning was higher in fruits over-wrapped with 16 mu-thick PVC films. Skin browning and decay and off-flavor limited storage life. Storage life of 'Gold Nugget' and 'Sayda' loquat fruits over-wrapped with PVC films could be stored for 30 days at 0 degrees C.Öğe Effects of Planting Densities on Fruit Quality and Productivity of Loquat(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.The Turkish Mediterranean region has the most suitable ecological conditions for growing loquat. In 2008, 96% of total loquat production of Turkey was from the coastal zone of the Mediterranean region. A density study was conducted in Hatay, which is located in the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey during 2004-2006 years. 'Hafif Cukurgobek', 'Sayda' and 'Gold Nugget' loquat cultivars were propagated by budding in 1996, planted at three densities (3x3, 3x6 and 6x6 m) in May 1997 in an experimental orchard, and pruned to an open-centre system. Phenological and pomologaical data were collected on first blooming, full bloom and end of flowering, fruit weight, fruit length and width, seed number, edible fruit, TSS, pH and acidity, and yield per tree and per unit area were determined. With increasing planting density, yields per tree decreased while cumulative yields per hectare increased.Öğe Fruit Quality and Yield Characteristics of Some Loquat Genotypes in Dortyol, Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.We studied the phenological, pomological and yield characteristics of 11 cultivars of loquat (Erioborya japonica Lindl.) ('Hafif Cukurgobek', 'Sayda', 'Gold Nugget', 'Ottowianni', 'Lapta B2', 'Baduna 5', 'Guzelyurt 1', 'Sampiyon', 'Lapta M', 'Akko XIII' and 'Lapta 1') between 2003 and 2006 under the Mediterranean climate in Dortyol, Hatay, Turkey. 'Sayda' was the earliest, while 'Sampiyon' was the latest. Highest fruit size was obtained from 'Guzelyurt 1', whereas the smallest fruit size from 'Akko XIII' and 'Sampiyon'. Mean seed weight ranged between 1.3 and 3.0 and average number of seeds per fruit ranged between 2.1 and 4.1. The edible fruit in 'Hafif Cukurgobek' was significantly higher than others. 'Lapta 1' and 'Lapta M' (14.2 and 13.3%, respectively) had the highest total soluble solids content while ` Akko XIII' (8.68%) had the lowest. The highest cumulative both yield per tree and yield per hectare were obtained from 'Sampiyon' with 227.1 kg/tree and 63.1 ton/ha, respectively. The results suggest that these genotypes can be successfully grown in a Mediterranean climate.Öğe Fruit Set and Yield of Apricot Cultivars under Subtropical Climate Conditions of Hatay, Turkey(Tarbiat Modares Univ, 2014) Polat, A. A.; Caliskan, O.Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a species particularly prone to erratic fruit set, and its flower bud drop has been repeatedly reported in different cultivars and growing conditions. A number of potential causes have been explored, but a clear main cause remains elusive. In this study, fruit set was determined for 11 apricot cultivars ('Precoce de Tyrinthe', 'Feriana', 'Beliana', 'Priana', 'Bebeco', 'Early Kishinewski', 'Precoce de Colomer', 'Canino', 'Silistre Rona', 'Rouge de Sernhac' and 'Tokaloglu') grown on the coast of the Mediterranean region of Turkey from 2006 to 2008. Trees budded on apricot seedlings and planted 6x6 m in 1997. On four branches of each tree randomly selected from all four directions, blossom number, percentage of initial and final fruit set, and yield per tree were determined during the experimental period. Fruit set differed significantly depending on year and cultivar. Based on three-year averages, percentage of fruit set was highest on 'Tokaloglu' (14%), followed by 'Beliana' (8.8%) and 'Precoce de Tyrinthe' (8.2%). The lowest fruit set (2.3%) was in 'Early Kishinewski' and 'Canino'. High yields per tree were found in Tokaloglu' (29.1 kg), 'Precoce de Tyrinthe' (29.0 kg), 'Rouge de Sernhac' (27.9 kg), and 'Beliana' (23.0 kg). 'Tokaloglu', 'Beliana', 'Precoce de Tyrinthe', and 'Rouge de Sernhac' cultivars showed good performance for both fruit set and yield per tree under subtropical climate conditions. However, findings of this study also suggested that fruit set and fruit drops in apricots should be assessed together with total yield amounts by years. The influence of the cultivar on fruit yield was more determinant than the seasonal effect.Öğe Improvement of Loquat by Conventional Breeding(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2011) Tepe, S.; Turgutoglu, E.; Arslan, M. A.; Polat, A. A.Three cultivars ('Sayda', 'Chamgne de Grasse', and 'Golden Nugget') of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) were self pollinated and crosses were made involving 'Golden Nugget' 'Akko XIII' 'Champagne de Grasse', 'Hafif Cukurgobek', 'Uzun Cukurgobek, 'Sayda', and 'Saint Michell'. A total of 1050 seedlings were produced and, 14 were selected, all hybrids, on the basis of quality character index: 8 early, 5 mid-season, and 1 late.Öğe Molecular characterization of autochthonous Turkish fig accessions(Spanish Natl Inst Agricultural & Food Research & Technolo, 2012) Caliskan, O.; Polat, A. A.; Celikkol, P.; Bakir, M.Turkey is one of the main genetic centers for fig tree, Ficus carica L. The genetic variabilities of 76 fig accessions from Hatay province of Turkey were evaluated by analysis of 10 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci. The number of alleles revealed by SSR analysis ranged from 3 to 12 alleles per locus with a mean value of 6.8. A total of 68 alleles were detected by SSR and the average heterozygosity was higher than the expected one. In addition, seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers detected a total of 68 clear and reproducible bands, 55 of which were polymorphic, so it was possible to effectively characterize these fig accessions with either marker techniques. In both marker systems, Mantel's correlation between similarity scores and cophenetic values was moderately high (0.90 for RAPD and 0.87 for SSR), which demonstrated that the clustering patterns fitted the data well. The clusters obtained using these types of markers were independent. This study indicated that there is great genetic variability among local fig accessions, making them a valuable genetic source for incorporation into potential breeding programs especially for table fig selections.
