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Öğe Comparison of morphometric characters of twaite shad (Alosa fallax nilotica, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1808) among three areas in Turkish seas.(Conseil Superieur De La Peche, 2001) Turan, C; Basusta, NDegree of differentiation among populations of twaite shad, Alosa fallax nilotica, in Turkish territorial waters was evaluated with the truss morphometric system using Discriminant Function (DFA) and Principal Component Analyses (PCA). Approximately 40 individuals were collected from each sea to represent regions. In DFA, the proportion of correctly classified Eastern Mediterranean sea sample to their original group was highest (90 %) with a high overall random assignment of individuals into their original population (78 %). Plotting discriminant function 1 (DF1) and discriminant function 2 (DF2) explained, 100 % of total between group variability and clearly discriminated Eastern Mediterranean sea sample from the Baltic and Aegean sea samples, which were over plotted. This findings was also supported in multivariate analysis of variance. PCA revealed that the observed differences were Mainly from posterior morphometric measurements of the fish. The patterns of morphological differentiation suggested that there is limited exchange of individuals among areas to homogenize populations phenotypically from the Black and Aegean seas to Eastern Mediterranean sea.Öğe Genetic and morphologic structure of Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) populations from the rivers Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2004) Turan, C; Ergüden, D; Turan, F; Gürlek, MLiza abu stocks from the rivers Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris were investigated using genetic and morphometric data. Allozyme electrophoresis for genetic comparison and the truss network system for morphometric comparison were simultaneously applied to the same sample set. Highly significant morphological differences were observed between the 3 Liza abu stocks. The correct classification of individuals into their original samples for morphological characters was very high (100% of individuals). In discriminant function analyses, plotting discriminant functions revealed high isolation of the 3 stocks; the Tigris stock was very isolated from the Euphrates and Orontes stocks, and the Euphrates stock was located between the Tigris and Orontes stocks, but was closer to the Orontes stock. The pattern of phenotypic discreteness suggests a direct relationship between the extent of phenotypic divergence and geographic separation. However, genetic data do not support the detected morphometric variations. A 5 enzyme system (ICD, PGM, ME, MDH, G3PDH) composed of 6 loci was used to determine genetic comparison. All the loci were monomorphic and therefore there was no genetic divergence among the stocks.Öğe Identification of germin isoforms in wheat callus(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2004) Caliskan, M; Turet-Sayin, M; Turan, C; Cuming, ACApplication of auxin causes cells of the wheat embryo to undergo dedifferentiation and form callus tissue. The synthesis of germin isoforms (G, G' and psiG) has been selectively associated with different phases of embryonic development and callus formation. G and G' germin isoforms are found to be associated with germination. psiG is an embryogenesis related germin isoform. It is clearly important to distinguish whether callus induction caused a precocious initiation of embryonic maturation-specific pseudogermin synthesis, or whether it effected a switch in the pattern of protein synthesis; eliciting accumulation of the normally germination-related germin proteins. To distinguish between these alternatives, it is necessary to identify the germin protein isoforms accumulated during callus formation. Following the electrophoretic separation of callus protein extracts, the position of germin isomers were detected by Western-blotting. The immunoreactive polypeptides accumulating in callus tissue were determined to be exclusively germin, rather than psiG.Öğe Localization of germin genes and their products in developing wheat coleoptiles(Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte Ltd, 2004) Caliskan, M; Ozcan, B; Turan, C; Cuming, ACGermination is a process which characterized with nescient synthesis of genes. Among the genes synthesized during the germination of wheat embryos, germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were defined. Germin is a water soluble homopentameric glycoprotein which is remarkable resistant to degradation by a broad range of proteases including pepsin. Germin proteins found to have strong oxalate oxidase activity which produces hydrogen peroxide by degrading oxalic acid. The current study, aimed to localize the germin genes, proteins and enzymatic activities in developing coleoptiles which is a rapidly growing protective tissue of leaf primordium and shoot apex. Non-radioactively labeled germin riboprobes were employed to localize germin mRNAs in situ. FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) and alkaline phosphatase linked anti-germin antibodies were used to localize germin proteins under the fluorescence and light microscopy and finally germin enzymatic activity was localized by using appropriate enzyme assay. The results revealed that in coleoptiles germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were predominantly associated with the cells of epidermis and vascular bundle sheath cells.Öğe Morphometric comparisons of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, populations in Turkey(Inst Vertebrate Biology As Cr, 2005) Turan, C; Yalçin, S; Turan, F; Okur, E; Akyurt, IThe pattern of morphometric differentiation among six populations of Clarias gariepinus sited in the Asi, Seyhan, Ceyhan, Goksu, Aksu, and Sakarya river systems in Turkey was examined. Univariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences between means of the six samples for 18 out of 20 standardized morphometric measurements. The first canonical function accounted for 39 % and the second for 29 % of between-group variability. In principal component analysis, the first component accounted for 20 % and the second for 12 % of the shape variations among the samples. Plotting the first and second principal components showed that the observed differences were mainly from measurements taken from the head of fish, indicating this region to be important in the description of population characteristics. Visual examination of the samples along the canonical functions revealed a clear between-sample differentiation. All the samples except the Seyhan and Aksu samples were clearly distinct from each other. Sakarya and Goksu samples were mostly isolated from each other and from all other samples. The overall random assignment of individuals into their original groups was high (78%). The proportion of correctly classified individuals into their original group was highest in the Sakarya sample (93%) and high in the Goksu (89 %) and the Ceyhan (86 %) samples, indicating that these samples are highly divergent from each other.Öğe Morphometric structuring of the anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Black, Aegean and Northeastern Mediterranean seas(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2004) Turan, C; Ergüden, D; Gürlek, M; Basusta, N; Turan, FThe status of populations of anchovies in Turkish terrestrial waters was preliminarily investigated using morphometric characters with the truss network system. Samples were taken from the main fishing areas of each sea, comprising the central (Sinop) and eastern (Trabzon) Black Sea, the Aegean Sea (Izmir) and the eastern Mediterranean (Iskenderun). Plotting discriminant functions 1 and 2, explaining 93% of between-group variability, revealed a high degree of dissimilarity among the anchovy samples, indicating that the anchovies in each sea represent different aggregations. The overall random assignment of individuals into their original group was high (80%). Pairwise comparisons using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed highly significant differences between all the samples (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences with varying degrees between the means of the 4 samples for 16 out of 25 standardized morphometric measurements. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that the observed differences were mainly from the measurements taken from the head.Öğe A new fish record from the Levant sea(Laser Pages Publ Ltd, 2002) Basusta, N; Turan, C; Gurlek, M[Abstract Not Available]Öğe A new fish record from Turkish seas(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2002) Basusta, N; Turan, C; Gürlek, MTwo and five specimens of the blackfin sorcerer, Nettastoma melanurum, were trawled on 25 and 30 April 2001 respectively at Samandag, Hatay (36degrees10'N, 35'20'E; 36degrees05'N, 35degrees40'E) at about 80-200 m depth. It is recorded for the first time from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Thus, a new species and family have been added to the fish fauna in Turkish seas.Öğe Otolith shape and meristic analysis of herring (Clupea harengus) in the North-East Atlantic(Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2000) Turan, CTwo sets of phenotypic markers, otolith shape and meristics, were used to investigate the morphological structure of herring populations of the North-East Atlantic and to test the application of the truss method on otolith shape to discriminate between the populations. Otolith and meristic analyses displayed similar patterns of differentiation between the herring populations, revealing a discreteness of the Icelandic summer spawners, Trondheimsfjord herring, Baltic herring and the British Isles groups. The pattern of phenotypic discreteness detected with meristics and analysis of otolith shape suggests a direct relationship between the extent of phenotypic divergence and the geographic separation of the populations, indicating that geographic separation limits migration between the populations.Öğe Phylogenetic relationships of Mediterranean Mullidae species (Perciformes) inferred from genetic and morphologic data(Inst Ciencias Mar Barcelona, 2006) Turan, CGenetic and morphological divergence and phylogenetic relationships of four species Mullus barbatus, Mullus surmuletus, Upeneus moluccensis, Upeneus Pori and one subspecies M.b. ponticus of Mullus were investigated using 12 enzymatic systems, corresponding to 17 putative loci. Eight loci (AAT-1*, AAT-2*, ADH*, GAPDH*, G6PDH*, IDHP*, PGI-2*, SOD*) were found to be polymorphic in at least one species, while the remaining nine (mAAT*, CK-1*, CK-2*, G3PDH*, MDH*, ME-1*, ME-2*, PGI-1*, PGM*) were monomorphic in all species. Several loci showed different electrophoretic patterns among species and thus can be used in species taxonomy as diagnostic markers. The PGM* and SOD* loci proved to be especially species-specific. Fisher's exact test revealed overall highly significant allele frequency differences between M. barbatus and M. b. ponticus (P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons of genetic distance were found to be 0.034 between M. barbatus and M. b. ponticus, and 0.341 between M. barbatus and M. surmuletus within the genus Mullus. Relatively higher genetic differentiation (D=0.628) was observed between U. moluccensis and U. Pori. For intergeneric comparisons, the highest genetic distance (1.250) was detected between M. surmuletus and U. Pori, and the lowest (D=1.056) was observed between M. surmuletus and U. moluccensis. Remarkably U. Pori was genetically the most distinct species from the genus Mullus. A neighbour-joining analysis of genetic data separated the two genera: M. barbatus and M. b. ponticus clustered as the closest taxonomic assemblage, which was a sister group to M. surmuletus in the first branch, while U. moluccensis and U. Pori clustered more divergently in the second branch. Morphological data using meristic characters was congruent with the genetic data and revealed similar patterns of relationships among four Mullidae species.Öğe Phylogenetic relationships of nine mullet species (Mugilidae) in the Mediterranean Sea(Springer, 2005) Turan, C; Caliskan, M; Kucuktas, HPhylogenetic relationships among four genera and nine species (Mugil cephalus, Mugil soiuy, Liza ramada, Liza aurata, Liza abu, Liza saliens, Liza carinata, Chelon labrosus, Oedalechilus labeo) of the Mediterranean mullets (Mugilidae) were investigated by means of allozyme electrophoresis using a seven-enzyme system (CK*, GAPDH*, G3PDH*, IDHP*, ME*, MDH*, PGM*) comprising eleven putative loci. The highest genetic divergence was 1.299, detected between M. cephalus and L. aurata and the lowest (0.280) was found between L. carinata and L. saliens. The amount of genetic divergence between the genera Chelon and Oedalechilus did not appear to be high (0.285). In a UPGMA tree, all nine species were grouped in two main branchings. In the first branch, C. labrosus and O. labeo clustered as closest taxa and were sister group to L. ramada. The other four Liza species produced two sub-branching in this group; L. carinata branched together with L. saliens, and L. aurata branched together with L. abu. In the second branch the two species of the genus Mugil, M. cephalus and M. soiuy, clustered together and were clearly isolated from the other three genera.Öğe Stock identification of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) using morphometric and meristic characters(Oxford Univ Press, 2004) Turan, CMorphologic differentiation among stocks of Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus, throughout the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean Seas, was investigated using morphometric and meristic characters. Discriminant function analysis of both morphometric and meristic characters suggested that there is restricted migration of mackerel among the adjacent seas. Overlapping of four Black sea samples on the discriminant space in morphometric and meristic characters suggested that there is one self-recruiting population in the area. The Marmara sea samples were the most isolated samples from all others for both morphometric and meristic characters, which may indicate existence of a distinguishable mackerel stock in the area. The sample from the Aegean Sea was grouped with one geographically close Mediterranean sample based on morphometrics, and separated from all other Mediterranean samples based on meristic characters, suggesting some degree of intermingling between these areas. Examination of the contribution of each morphometric variable to canonical functions indicated that differences among samples seemed to be associated with the anterior part of the body. In meristic analyses, highest contributions to canonical functions were associated with the number of gill rakers and pectoral fin rays. (C) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
