Mersin ili bağcılığının teknik yapısı ile yaygın olarak yetiştirilen üzüm çeşitlerinde verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Loading...
Files
Date
2014
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Access Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, Mersin ili ova ve yayla olmak üzere iki ayrı kesim halinde incelenmiştir. Çiftçi kayıt sisteminden alınan bilgiler doğrultusunda, her iki kesimde toplam 297 işletme ile anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre, Mersin ili bağcılığının teknik yapısı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Mersin'de yaygın olarak yetiştirilen 10 üzüm çeşidinde (ovada 5 adet, yaylada 5 adet) verim ve kalite özellikleri (salkım ve tane özellikleri, tane rengi, saptan kopma direnci, SÇKM, pH, asitlik, olgunluk indisi vb) incelenmiştir. İşletmelerin ortalama parsel büyüklüklerinin ovada 7,0 da, yaylada 4,7 da olduğu saptanmıştır. Bağ alanları genelde 2 ve daha fazla parselden oluşmaktadır. Ova kesimindeki işletmelerde 18 adet, yayla kesiminde 53 adet üzüm çeşidi yetiştirilmektedir. Tek çeşitle üretim yapan işletme oranı % 50'nin altında olmakla birlikte; yayla kesiminde bu oran, ova kesiminden daha fazladır. Ova ve yaylada bağ tesisi, çoğunlukla kültür çeşitlerine ait çelikler kullanılarak yapılmaktadır. Anaç kullanımı yaygın olmamakla birlikte, ovada '41 B', '110 R', '140 Ru', '1103 P' ve '5 BB'; yaylada ise '41 B' ve '1103 P' anaçlarının kullanıldığı görülmüştür. İşletmelerde en yaygın dikim aralıkları; ova bağlarında 2,00 X 3,00 m; yayla bağlarında 2,00 X 2,50 m'dir. Ovada telli terbiye sistemleri, yaylada goble şekli yaygınlık göstermektedir. Verim ve kaliteyi etkileyen kültürel işlemlerden sulama, ovada % 72,0, yaylada % 15,7 oranında ve genellikle damla sulama yöntemiyle yapılmaktadır. Yaz budaması ovada (% 94,4), yayla kesimine (% 61,0) göre daha yaygın bir uygulamadır. İşletmelerin önemli bir kısmında (> % 70) ilaçlama sayısı ovada 6-10 iken, yaylada 1-5 kez arasındadır. Hasat periyodu, ovada Haziran-Ağustos; yaylada ise Temmuz-Kasım ayları arasındadır. Ovada ankete katılan işletmelerin dekara ortalama üzüm verimi (1472 kg), yayladaki işletmelere (1112 kg) göre daha fazladır. Ovada yoğun olarak 'Yalova İncisi', 'Tarsus Beyazı', 'Ergin Çekirdeksizi', 'Trakya İlkeren', 'Victoria', yaylada ise 'Kişniş', 'Göğüzüm', 'Takkara', 'Dilmit', 'Tilkikuyruğu' üzüm çeşitlerinin yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır. Ovada 'Ergin Çekirdeksizi', yaylada 'Tilkikuyruğu' çeşitlerinde omca başına verim ve salkım ağırlığı değerleri en yüksek bulunmuştur. Saptan kopma direnci bakımından ovada en yüksek ve en düşük değerleri sırasıyla 'Victoria' ve 'Tarsus Beyazı'; yaylada 'Tilkikuyruğu' ve 'Kişniş' çeşitleri vermiştir.
This study examines Mersin province as two separate regions; lowland and highland. In accordance with the information obtained from farmer registration system, surveys were conducted with 297 establishments in both regions. Technical structure of Mersin province was determined according to survey results. Furthermore, yield and quality characteristics (cluster and berry characteristics, berry color, berry removal force, TSS, pH, acidity, ripeness index, etc.) were studied on 10 grape cultivars (5 in the lowland and 5 in the highland) that are commonly cultivated in Mersin. Average plot size of an establishment is 7,0 da in the lowland, whereas it is 4,7 da in the highland. Vineyard areas generally comprise of 2 and more plots. 18 grape cultivars are cultivated in establishments in lowland area, in comparison with 53 grape cultivars in the highland. While the ratio of establishments that cultivate a single cultivar is below 50%, this ratio is higher in the highland than it is in the lowland. Vine planting in lowland and highland are made with planting grape cuttings directly in the vineyard. Although use of rootstock is not common; '41 B', '110 R', '140 Ru', '1103 P' and '5 BB' rootstocks were observed in the lowland, while '41 B' and '1103 P' rootstocks were observed in the highland. The most common spacing in vines were 2,00 X 3,00 m in lowland; and 2,00 X 2,50 m in highland. Wire training systems were preferred in the lowland and goblet system was preferred in the highland. Irrigation, which is a cultural procedure that influences yield and quality, is made at a rate of 72,0 % in the lowland and 15,7 % in the highland, and generally by drip irrigation. Summer pruning is more common in the lowland (94,4 %) than the highland (61,0 %). The number of spraying is from 6 to 10 in the lowland and from 1 to 5 in the highland in a major part of establishments (70,0 % <). Harvest period is from June to August in the lowland and from July to November in the highland. Average grape yield per decare of establishments in the lowland that participate in the survey (1472 kg) is higher than that of establishments in the highland (1112 kg). 'Yalova İncisi', 'Tarsus Beyazı', 'Ergin Çekirdeksizi', 'Trakya İlkeren' and 'Victoria' cultivars are prevalently cultivated in the lowland; while 'Kişniş', 'Göğüzüm', 'Takkara', 'Dilmit', and 'Tilkikuyruğu' are prevalently cultivated in the highland. The highest values in terms of yield per vine and cluster weight were found in 'Ergin Çekirdeksizi' in the lowland and 'Tilkikuyruğu' in the highland. The highest and the lowest values in terms of berry removal force were recorded on respectively 'Victoria' and 'Tarsus Beyazı' cultivars in the lowland; and 'Tilkikuyruğu' and 'Kişniş' cultivars in the highland.
This study examines Mersin province as two separate regions; lowland and highland. In accordance with the information obtained from farmer registration system, surveys were conducted with 297 establishments in both regions. Technical structure of Mersin province was determined according to survey results. Furthermore, yield and quality characteristics (cluster and berry characteristics, berry color, berry removal force, TSS, pH, acidity, ripeness index, etc.) were studied on 10 grape cultivars (5 in the lowland and 5 in the highland) that are commonly cultivated in Mersin. Average plot size of an establishment is 7,0 da in the lowland, whereas it is 4,7 da in the highland. Vineyard areas generally comprise of 2 and more plots. 18 grape cultivars are cultivated in establishments in lowland area, in comparison with 53 grape cultivars in the highland. While the ratio of establishments that cultivate a single cultivar is below 50%, this ratio is higher in the highland than it is in the lowland. Vine planting in lowland and highland are made with planting grape cuttings directly in the vineyard. Although use of rootstock is not common; '41 B', '110 R', '140 Ru', '1103 P' and '5 BB' rootstocks were observed in the lowland, while '41 B' and '1103 P' rootstocks were observed in the highland. The most common spacing in vines were 2,00 X 3,00 m in lowland; and 2,00 X 2,50 m in highland. Wire training systems were preferred in the lowland and goblet system was preferred in the highland. Irrigation, which is a cultural procedure that influences yield and quality, is made at a rate of 72,0 % in the lowland and 15,7 % in the highland, and generally by drip irrigation. Summer pruning is more common in the lowland (94,4 %) than the highland (61,0 %). The number of spraying is from 6 to 10 in the lowland and from 1 to 5 in the highland in a major part of establishments (70,0 % <). Harvest period is from June to August in the lowland and from July to November in the highland. Average grape yield per decare of establishments in the lowland that participate in the survey (1472 kg) is higher than that of establishments in the highland (1112 kg). 'Yalova İncisi', 'Tarsus Beyazı', 'Ergin Çekirdeksizi', 'Trakya İlkeren' and 'Victoria' cultivars are prevalently cultivated in the lowland; while 'Kişniş', 'Göğüzüm', 'Takkara', 'Dilmit', and 'Tilkikuyruğu' are prevalently cultivated in the highland. The highest values in terms of yield per vine and cluster weight were found in 'Ergin Çekirdeksizi' in the lowland and 'Tilkikuyruğu' in the highland. The highest and the lowest values in terms of berry removal force were recorded on respectively 'Victoria' and 'Tarsus Beyazı' cultivars in the lowland; and 'Tilkikuyruğu' and 'Kişniş' cultivars in the highland.
Description
Keywords
Ziraat, Agriculture
