XXI. yüzyılda dünyada ve Türkiye'de düzensiz göçler
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Date
2024
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Göç ve iltica, bugün ulusal ve küresel yönetişimde son derece önemli konulardandır. Toplumlar ve ülkeler küresel sosyo-ekonomik, politik alışveriş ağlarına giderek daha fazla gömüldükçe, ulaşım, iletişim geliştikçe, küresel eşitsizlikler ve bölgesel çatışmalar büyüdükçe, göç ve ilticanın boyutu ve siyasi önemi de artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 21. yüzyılda gerçekleşen düzensiz göç hareketlerini çeşitli verilerle, nedenleri ve sonuçları bağlamında Türkiye perspektifinden okumaktır. Çalışmada; 2000-2023 yılları arasındaki düzensiz göçle ilgili uluslararası ve ulusal yayınlardan, tezlerden, resmi veya özel kuruluş verilerinden, periyodik göç raporlarından istifade edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doküman analizi tekniğiyle kronolojik ve analitik bir şekilde açıklanmıştır. Dünyadaki veya Türkiye'deki göçlerle ilgili pek çok bilimsel çalışma olmasına rağmen, Türkiye'deki düzensiz göçle ilgili müstakil bir çalışmanın olmaması bu tezin gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bilhassa 21. yüzyılın başlangıcı ile sosyo-ekonomik cazibesinin yanı sıra batılı ülkelere geçiş rotasında olması dolayısıyla bir taraftan "kaynak ülke" konumunda bulunan Türkiye, diğer taraftan hem "hedef ülke" hem de "transit ülke" pozisyonundadır. Bu durum Türkiye'nin çifte çekim gücü ile düzensiz göçe odak olmasına da sebebiyet vermiştir. Türkiye'nin düzensiz göçlere maruz kalmasında itici ve çekici faktörlerden bahsedilebilir. Bunlar şöyle sıralanabilir; kaynak ülkelerin refah seviyesinin düşük olması, iç karışıklıklar, insan hakları ihlalleri, siyasi veya dini baskılar, kültürel ve coğrafi yakınlık, Türkiye'de göçmenlere insani davranılması, Türkiye'de düşük derecede de olsa geçim kaynağı bulabilme imkanlarının olması.
Immigration and asylum are extremely important issues in national and global governance today. As societies and countries become increasingly embedded in global socio-economic and political exchanges and networks, as transportation and communications improve, and as global inequalities and regional conflicts grow, the scale and political significance of migration and asylum has also increased. The aim of this study is to read the irregular migration movements that took place in the 21st century from the perspective of Turkey, in the context of their causes and consequences, with various data. In the study; International and national publications, theses, official or private organization data, and periodic migration reports regarding irregular migration between 2000 and 2023 were used. The obtained data were explained chronologically and analytically using the document analysis technique. Although there are many scientific studies on migration in the world or in Turkey, the lack of a separate study on irregular migration in Turkey has revealed the necessity of this thesis. Especially with the beginning of the 21st century, Turkey, on the one hand, is in the position of a "source country" due to its socio-economic attractiveness and being on the transition route to western countries, and on the other hand, it is in the position of both a "target country" and a "transit country". This situation has also caused Turkey to become a focus on irregular migration with its double power of attraction. Push and pull factors can be mentioned in Turkey's exposure to irregular migration. These can be listed as follows; low welfare level of the source countries, internal turmoil, human rights violations, political or religious pressures, cultural and geographical proximity, humane treatment of immigrants in Turkey, and the possibility of finding a livelihood in Turkey, albeit at a low level.
Immigration and asylum are extremely important issues in national and global governance today. As societies and countries become increasingly embedded in global socio-economic and political exchanges and networks, as transportation and communications improve, and as global inequalities and regional conflicts grow, the scale and political significance of migration and asylum has also increased. The aim of this study is to read the irregular migration movements that took place in the 21st century from the perspective of Turkey, in the context of their causes and consequences, with various data. In the study; International and national publications, theses, official or private organization data, and periodic migration reports regarding irregular migration between 2000 and 2023 were used. The obtained data were explained chronologically and analytically using the document analysis technique. Although there are many scientific studies on migration in the world or in Turkey, the lack of a separate study on irregular migration in Turkey has revealed the necessity of this thesis. Especially with the beginning of the 21st century, Turkey, on the one hand, is in the position of a "source country" due to its socio-economic attractiveness and being on the transition route to western countries, and on the other hand, it is in the position of both a "target country" and a "transit country". This situation has also caused Turkey to become a focus on irregular migration with its double power of attraction. Push and pull factors can be mentioned in Turkey's exposure to irregular migration. These can be listed as follows; low welfare level of the source countries, internal turmoil, human rights violations, political or religious pressures, cultural and geographical proximity, humane treatment of immigrants in Turkey, and the possibility of finding a livelihood in Turkey, albeit at a low level.
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Keywords
Sosyoloji, Sociology ; Tarih
