Mısırın (Zea mays L.) fizyolojik, morfolojik ve tarımsal özellikleri üzerine ekim zamanının etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmada Amik Ovası koşullarında farklı ekim zamanlarında yetiştirilen mısırın fizyolojik, morfolojik ve tarımsal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında HMKÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Arazisi'nde tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Ana parselleri dört farklı ekim zamanı (EZ1, EZ2, EZ3, EZ4) ve alt parselleri üç farklı ticari hibrit mısır çeşidi (77MAY35, DKC6630, P2088) oluşturmuştur. Farklı ekim zamanlarında yetiştirilen çeşitlerin tarımsal özelliklerinin yanı sıra çıkış süresi, tepe püskülü çiçeklenme süresi ve koçan püskülü çıkış süresi ile gelişme dönemlerine (V6, V12, VT, R3, R5, R6) ulaşma tarihleri gibi morfolojik ve fenolojik özellikler belirlenerek bu gelişme dönemleri arasındaki büyüme derece gün (BDG) değerleri hesaplanmış, kuru madde miktarı, yaprak alan indeksi (YAİ), yaprak alan sürekliliği (YAS), bitki büyüme hızı (BBH), nisbi büyüme hızı (NBH) ve net asimilasyon hızı (NAH) gibi fizyolojik parametreler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ekim zamanının gecikmesiyle bitkilerin daha kısa sürede fizyolojik olgunluğa ulaştığı fakat toplam BDG değerlerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Farklı gelişme dönemlerinde belirlenen kuru madde miktarlarının yanında incelenen tüm fizyolojik parametrelerin de ekim zamanlarından önemli derecede etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Tane veriminde istatistiksel olarak bir fark bulunmamakla birlikte en yüksek tane verimi ikinci ekim zamanında belirlenmiştir. Bölgemizde ve benzer ekolojik koşullarda çalışmada incelenen 1 Mart-15 Nisan tarihleri arasında mısır ekimi yapılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Fakat özellikle Mart ayı içerisinde gerçekleşen meteorolojik koşullar nedeniyle toprak işleme ve ekim gibi kültürel uygulamalarda zorlukların yaşandığı, bitkilerin daha uzun süre tarlada kaldığı, dolayısıyla fazladan girdi ve işgücüne ihtiyaç olduğunun da göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the physiological, morphological and agricultural properties of maize grown in different sowing times in Amik Plain conditions. The study was carried out in 2019 and 2020 in HMKU Faculty of Agriculture Research and Application Area according to split plots in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Four different sowing dates (EZ1, EZ2, EZ3, EZ4) were in the main plots and three different commercial hybrid maize varieties (77MAY35, DKC6630, P2088) were in the sub plots. In addition to the agricultural characteristics of the varieties grown in different sowing times, morphological and phenological characteristics such as emergence period, tasseling period and silking period and the date of reaching development stages (V6, V12, VT, R3, R5, R6) and growing degree days (GDD) values between these development stages were calculated. Some physiological parameters such as dry matter amount, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were examined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the plants reached physiological maturity in a shorter time with the delay of the sowing dates, but the total GDD values were increased. In addition to the dry matter amounts determined in different growth periods, it was established that all physiological parameters examined were significantly affected by sowing dates. Although there was no statistical differences in grain yield, the highest grain yield was obtained at the second sowing date. It was determined that maize sowings could be done in our region and in similar ecological conditions between 1 March and 15 April. However, it should be considered that there were difficulties in cultural practices such as tillage and cultivation due to the meteorological conditions in March and plants stay in the field for a longer time in early sowings, so extra input and labor is required.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the physiological, morphological and agricultural properties of maize grown in different sowing times in Amik Plain conditions. The study was carried out in 2019 and 2020 in HMKU Faculty of Agriculture Research and Application Area according to split plots in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Four different sowing dates (EZ1, EZ2, EZ3, EZ4) were in the main plots and three different commercial hybrid maize varieties (77MAY35, DKC6630, P2088) were in the sub plots. In addition to the agricultural characteristics of the varieties grown in different sowing times, morphological and phenological characteristics such as emergence period, tasseling period and silking period and the date of reaching development stages (V6, V12, VT, R3, R5, R6) and growing degree days (GDD) values between these development stages were calculated. Some physiological parameters such as dry matter amount, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were examined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the plants reached physiological maturity in a shorter time with the delay of the sowing dates, but the total GDD values were increased. In addition to the dry matter amounts determined in different growth periods, it was established that all physiological parameters examined were significantly affected by sowing dates. Although there was no statistical differences in grain yield, the highest grain yield was obtained at the second sowing date. It was determined that maize sowings could be done in our region and in similar ecological conditions between 1 March and 15 April. However, it should be considered that there were difficulties in cultural practices such as tillage and cultivation due to the meteorological conditions in March and plants stay in the field for a longer time in early sowings, so extra input and labor is required.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
