Yaprak zararının yerfıstığı çeşitlerinde verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi
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Date
2022
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Osmaniye'de ana ürün koşullarında yetiştirilen yerfıstığı bitkisinin (Arachis hypogaea L.) farklı gelişim dönemlerinde yapılan farklı oranlardaki yaprak zararının verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Ana parsellere çeşitler (NC-7 ve Halisbey), alt parsellere uygulama zamanları (R1, R2, R3) ve alt alt parsellere farklı oranlarda yaprak kayıpları (kontrol, %25, %50, %75) yerleştirilmiş olup, çeşitli verim ve kalite parametreleri incelenmiştir. Bitki başına meyve sayısı içerisinde en yüksek değer Halisbey (24.54 adet/bitki) çeşidi ve R2 döneminden (23.54 adet/bitki) elde edilmiştir. Yaprak uygulamalarında bitki başına meyve sayısında kontrol (25.68 adet/bitki) ile %25 yaprak zararı (23.23 adet/bitki) uygulamaları öne çıkmış, onu sırasıyla %50 yaprak zararı (22.43 adet/bitki) ve %75 yaprak zararı (21.12 adet/bitki) uygulamaları takip etmiştir. En yüksek bitki başına meyve ağırlığı Halisbey çeşidinden (41.88 g/bitki) ve R3 döneminden (39.19 g/bitki) elde edilmiştir. Yaprak zararı uygulamaları bitki başına meyve ağırlığı sıralaması ise kontrol (44.35 g/bitki), %50 yaprak zararı uygulaması (40.39 g/bitki), %25 yaprak zararı uygulaması (39.22 g/bitki), %75 yaprak zararı (34.80 g/bitki) şeklinde olmuştur. 100 meyve ağırlığında en yüksek değer Halisbey çeşidinden (192.73 g) ve R1 döneminden (191.03 g) elde edilmiştir. Yaprak uygulamalarında 100 meyve ağırlığı sırasıyla kontrol (189.46 g) grubu ve %50 yaprak zararı (189.14 g) uygulaması öne çıkmıştır. 100 tohum ağırlığı içerisinde en yüksek değer Halisbey çeşidinden (88.15 g) ve R3 döneminden (88.68 g) elde edilmiştir. Yaprak uygulamalarında 100 tohum ağırlığı kontrol (90.43 g) uygulaması ile öne çıkmış, onu sırasıyla %50 yaprak zararı (88.82 g), %25 yaprak zararı (87.00 g) ve %75 yaprak zararı (84.13) uygulamaları takip etmiştir. En yüksek dekara verim NC-7 çeşidinden (231.40 kg/da) ve R1 döneminden (204.09 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Yaprak zararı uygulamaları verim yönünden sıralaması ise kontrol (253.56 kg/da), %25 yaprak zararı uygulaması (201.99 kg/da), %50 yaprak zararı uygulaması (190.59 kg/da), %75 yaprak zararı uygulaması (148.10 kg/da) şeklinde olmuştur. Bütün faktörlerin iki yıllık ortalamaları incelendiğinde yaprak ve tohum Fe içeriği sırasıyla 44.93 ppm, 429.78 ppm; yaprak ve tohum Ca içeriği sırasıyla 130.67 ppm, 956.39 ppm olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yerfıstığında R1 ve R2 dönemindeki yaprak zararı tolere edilebilirken, R3 dönemindeki zararların tolere edilemediği görülmüştür. Yerfıstığı bitkisinde %25 yaprak zararı meyve veriminde %20'lik bir azalışa sebep olurken, zarar oranı %75'e çıktıkça meyve verim kaybı %42'ye çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Çeşitler bakımından ise NC-7 çeşidi, Halisbey çeşidine göre yaprak kayıplarından kaynaklanan meyve verim azalışını daha fazla tolere edebildiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Osmaniye şartlarında yerfıstığında yaprak zararının kalite ve verim üzerine etkisinin azaltılması amacıyla çeşit seçimi, hastalık ve zararlılara karşı entegre mücadelenin önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of leaf damage at different rates in different development stages on yield and quality traits of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under main crop conditions in Osmaniye. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-plot design with three replications in 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. To investigate yield and quality parameters, the cultivars (NC-7 and Halisbey) were places in main plots, the application times and leaf losses at different rates (control, 25%, 50%, 75%) were located in sub and sub-subplots, respectively. The highest value was obtained from the Halisbey (24.54 number/plant) cultivar and R2 period (23.54 pods/plant) for the trait of the number of pods per plant. In foliar applications, the highest values were observed in control (25.68 number/plant) and 25% leaf damage (23.23 number/plant) for the number of pods per plant. Remarkable values were also observed for this trait in the applications of 50% leaf damage (22.43 number/plant) and 75% leaf damage (21.12 number/plant). The highest pod weight per plant was obtained from Halisbey cultivar (41.88 g/plant) in R3 period (39.19 g/plant). The pod weight per plant was 44.35 g/plant, 40.39 g/plant, 39.22 g/plant and 34.80 g/plant for the control, 50%, 25% and 75% leaf damage, respectively. The highest value for hundred seed weight was obtained from the Halisbey cultivar (192.73 g) and R1 period (191.03 g). In foliar applications, higher values were 189.46 g and 189.14 g for the control and 50% leaf damage, respectively. The highest value was acquired from Halisbey cultivar (88.15 g) and R3 period (88.68 g). In foliar applications, higher 100 seed weight was obtained in control application (90.43 g), followed by 50% leaf loss (88.82 g), 25% leaf loss (87.00 g) and 75% leaf loss (84.13 g), respectively. The NC-7 cultivar (231.40 kg/da) and R1 period (204.09 kg/da) showed the top value for pod yield. The control, 25% leaf damage application, 50% leaf damage application and 75% leaf damage application showed 253.56, 201.99, 190.59 and 148.10 kg/da, respectively. The means of leaf and seed Fe content was 44.93 and 429.78 ppm; Ca content was 130.67 and 956.39 ppm, respectively. Results showed that the leaf damage in the R1 and R2 periods can be tolerated, the damage in the R3 period cannot be tolerated. While 25% leaf damage in peanut plant caused a 20% decrease in pod yield, it was determined that pod yield loss increased to 42% as the damage rate increased to 75%. In terms of cultivars, it was determined that the NC-7 cultivar could tolerate the decrease in pod yield caused by leaf loss more than the Halisbey cultivar. As a result of this study; It has been identified that the type of cultivars, integrated control against diseases and pests are important in order to reduce the effect of leaf damage on the quality and yield of peanut in Osmaniye environments.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of leaf damage at different rates in different development stages on yield and quality traits of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under main crop conditions in Osmaniye. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-plot design with three replications in 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. To investigate yield and quality parameters, the cultivars (NC-7 and Halisbey) were places in main plots, the application times and leaf losses at different rates (control, 25%, 50%, 75%) were located in sub and sub-subplots, respectively. The highest value was obtained from the Halisbey (24.54 number/plant) cultivar and R2 period (23.54 pods/plant) for the trait of the number of pods per plant. In foliar applications, the highest values were observed in control (25.68 number/plant) and 25% leaf damage (23.23 number/plant) for the number of pods per plant. Remarkable values were also observed for this trait in the applications of 50% leaf damage (22.43 number/plant) and 75% leaf damage (21.12 number/plant). The highest pod weight per plant was obtained from Halisbey cultivar (41.88 g/plant) in R3 period (39.19 g/plant). The pod weight per plant was 44.35 g/plant, 40.39 g/plant, 39.22 g/plant and 34.80 g/plant for the control, 50%, 25% and 75% leaf damage, respectively. The highest value for hundred seed weight was obtained from the Halisbey cultivar (192.73 g) and R1 period (191.03 g). In foliar applications, higher values were 189.46 g and 189.14 g for the control and 50% leaf damage, respectively. The highest value was acquired from Halisbey cultivar (88.15 g) and R3 period (88.68 g). In foliar applications, higher 100 seed weight was obtained in control application (90.43 g), followed by 50% leaf loss (88.82 g), 25% leaf loss (87.00 g) and 75% leaf loss (84.13 g), respectively. The NC-7 cultivar (231.40 kg/da) and R1 period (204.09 kg/da) showed the top value for pod yield. The control, 25% leaf damage application, 50% leaf damage application and 75% leaf damage application showed 253.56, 201.99, 190.59 and 148.10 kg/da, respectively. The means of leaf and seed Fe content was 44.93 and 429.78 ppm; Ca content was 130.67 and 956.39 ppm, respectively. Results showed that the leaf damage in the R1 and R2 periods can be tolerated, the damage in the R3 period cannot be tolerated. While 25% leaf damage in peanut plant caused a 20% decrease in pod yield, it was determined that pod yield loss increased to 42% as the damage rate increased to 75%. In terms of cultivars, it was determined that the NC-7 cultivar could tolerate the decrease in pod yield caused by leaf loss more than the Halisbey cultivar. As a result of this study; It has been identified that the type of cultivars, integrated control against diseases and pests are important in order to reduce the effect of leaf damage on the quality and yield of peanut in Osmaniye environments.
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Keywords
Ziraat, Agriculture
