Hatay ili Altınözü ilçesi zeytin ağaçlarının yaprak ve toprak örnekleri ile beslenme durumunun belirlenmesi
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Date
2022
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Çalışma, Hatay ili Altınözü ilçesini temsilen seçilen zeytin bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 15 farklı bahçe ile 0-30 ve 30-60 olmak üzere iki farklı derinlikten 30 adet toprak ve aynı bahçeden alınan 15 adet yaprak örneğinde bünye, CaCO3, tuzluluk, pH, EC, organik madde, bazı makro-mikro besin elementleri analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yöre topraklarının ortalama kil, kum ve silt miktarları sırasıyla %46.2, %32.3 ve %21.6 dır. Topraklar kil ve killi tın olmak üzere iki farklı tekstür sınıfında olduğu, hafif alkalin reaksiyonlu, tuzsuz, fazla kireçli ve organik maddece yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Topraklar besin elementleri bakımından bir örnek hariç tümünün azot, tamamının çinko ve bor, %6.66'sının fosfor, %13.33'ünün potasyum, %10'unun demir içeriklerinin yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bahçelerden alınan zeytin yaprak örneklerinin ise %20'sinde azot, %6.66'sında fosfor, %36.66'sında potasyum, %53.33'ünde kalsiyum, %73.33' ünde magnezyum, %46.66'sında hem mangan, çinko ve bor içerikleri yönünden noksan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, toprak ve yaprak analizleri incelendiğinde bazı bitki besin elementlerinin toprakta yeterli veya fazla, bazılarında ise eksiklikler olduğu gibi bu durumun aksi sonuçlarında olması bahçelerin genelinde beslenme sorunlarının olduğunu açığa çıkarmıştır. Bunun bazı besin elementlerinin gerek ana kaya gerekse iklim koşulları nedeni ile aşırı olması yanında, bölgede bilinçsiz toprak ve yaprak gübrelemesinin yapılması ve zeytin bahçe toprak ve yaprak analizlerine göre doğru bir bitki beslenmenin yapılmaması olduğu söylenebilir. Bunun sebebinin ise bazı besin elementlerinin gerek ana kaya gerekse iklim koşulları ile fazla olması yanında bölgede bilinçsiz toprak ve yaprak gübrelemesi yapıldığının bir kanıtı olup, zeytin bahçelerinde toprak ve yaprak analizlerine göre doğru bir bitki beslenmenin yapılmadığını ispatlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak üreticilerin bitki ve toprak analizleri yaptırarak eksik ya da fazla bitki besin element durumuna göre bir uzmana gübreleme programları yapmaları gerektiği önerilmektedir.
The study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of olive orchards selected from representing Altınözü district of Hatay. For this purpose texture CaCO3, pH, EC, organic matter and macro-micro nutrients analysis was performed in 30 soil samples (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths) and 15 plant samples taken from 15 different orchards. According to the results obtained from the research, the average clay, sand and silt amounts of the local soils are 46.2%, 32.3% and 21.6%, respectively. It has been determined that the soils are in two different texture classes as clay and clay loam, with slightly alkaline reaction, unsalted, too calcareous and insufficient in organic matter. In terms of nutrients, it was determined that all of the soils were insufficient in nitrogen, except for one sample, 100.0% zinc and boron, 6.66% phosphorus, 13.33% potassium, 10.0% iron contents. The olive leaf samples taken from the orchards were deficient in nitrogen in 20%, phosphorus in 6.66%, potassium in 36.66%, calcium in 53.33%, magnesium in 73.33%, and manganese, zinc and boron in 46.66%. determined. In the study, when soil and leaf analyzes were examined, it was revealed that some plant nutrients were sufficient or more in the soil, while some were deficient, and the opposite of this situation revealed that there were nutritional problems in the orchards in general. It can be said that some of these nutrients are excessive due to both the bedrock and climatic conditions, as well as unconscious soil and leaf fertilization in the region and not making a correct plant nutrition according to the olive orchards soil and leaf analysis. As a result, it is suggested that the producers should make fertilization programs by a specialist according to the missing or excess plant nutrient element status by having plant and soil analyzes done.
The study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of olive orchards selected from representing Altınözü district of Hatay. For this purpose texture CaCO3, pH, EC, organic matter and macro-micro nutrients analysis was performed in 30 soil samples (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths) and 15 plant samples taken from 15 different orchards. According to the results obtained from the research, the average clay, sand and silt amounts of the local soils are 46.2%, 32.3% and 21.6%, respectively. It has been determined that the soils are in two different texture classes as clay and clay loam, with slightly alkaline reaction, unsalted, too calcareous and insufficient in organic matter. In terms of nutrients, it was determined that all of the soils were insufficient in nitrogen, except for one sample, 100.0% zinc and boron, 6.66% phosphorus, 13.33% potassium, 10.0% iron contents. The olive leaf samples taken from the orchards were deficient in nitrogen in 20%, phosphorus in 6.66%, potassium in 36.66%, calcium in 53.33%, magnesium in 73.33%, and manganese, zinc and boron in 46.66%. determined. In the study, when soil and leaf analyzes were examined, it was revealed that some plant nutrients were sufficient or more in the soil, while some were deficient, and the opposite of this situation revealed that there were nutritional problems in the orchards in general. It can be said that some of these nutrients are excessive due to both the bedrock and climatic conditions, as well as unconscious soil and leaf fertilization in the region and not making a correct plant nutrition according to the olive orchards soil and leaf analysis. As a result, it is suggested that the producers should make fertilization programs by a specialist according to the missing or excess plant nutrient element status by having plant and soil analyzes done.
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Keywords
Ziraat, Agriculture
