Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi'nde iyi tarım uygulaması yapılan örtü altı domates üretiminde virüs hastalıklarının araştırılması
Loading...
Files
Date
2016
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Access Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Ülkemizin en önemli domates üretim yerlerinden biri olan Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi (DAB)'nde İyi tarım uygulamaları (İTU) örtüaltı domates üretiminde görülen bitki koruma sorunları ve virüs hastalıklarının durumu ile ilgili yeterli bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, DAB (Adana, Hatay ve Mersin)'da İTU ile örtü altı domates yetiştiriciliğinde sorun olan virüs hastalıkları, virüs, enfeksiyon oranları ve vektörleri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, İTU ile domates üretiminde yaşanan olası diğer bitki koruma sorunları incelenmiştir. Virüs ve fitoplazmalar ile diğer önemli hastalık ve zararlıları belirlemek için sera surveyleri, simptom gözlemleri, DAS-ELISA, biyolojik indeksleme ve DAPI tekniği kullanılmıştır. DAB'da İTU ile örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinin genel durumunu değerlendirmek amacı ile anket çalışması da yapılmıştır. DAS-ELISA sonuçlarına göre İTU seralarında araştırılan virüslerden birçoğuna (AMV, CMV, PLRV, PVX VE TMV) rastlanmamış, ancak üretim dönemi sonunda alınan örneklerde düşük oranda TYLCV (%8.5), PVY (%6.3) ve TSWV (%4.2) belirlenmiştir. Böcek girişi engellenmiş 24 ±2°C'de 8/16 saat (gece/gündüz) aydınlatma koşullarında yetiştirilen test bitkileri şüpheli bitkilerin özsuyu ile inokule edildikten sonra 5-6 hafta gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca DAPI-floresan mikroskopi çalışmalarında geleneksel üretim seralarında 2 adet bitkide fitoplazma enfeksiyonu belirlenmiştir. Geleneksel domates üretim seralarında Tuta absoluta ve kırmızı örümcek (Tetranychus sp.) ile TYLCV vektörü bemicia tabaci'nin daha fazla zarar meydana getirdiği gözlenirken, İTU seralarından sadece birinde dönem sonunda birkaç bitkide bu türlerin zarar yaptığı görülmüştür. Anket sonuçlarına göre, her iki üretim biçiminde de üreticilerin tamamının seralarında yaprak galeri sineği ile beyazsinek mücadelesinde sarı yapışkan tuzak kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre İTU ile domates üretiminin çoğunlukla Mersin ili Tarsus ve Erdemli ilçesi ile Adana ili sınırlarında yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür. Oldukça yüksek bir potansiyele sahip Hatay ilinde İTU ile örtüaltı domates üretimine rastlanmamıştır. Ülkemizde ve bölgemizde İTU kullanılarak yapılan bitkisel yetiştiriciliğin yaygınlaştırılması ülkemizde daha verimli ve sağlıklı bir tarımsal üretim geliştirilmesi için oldukça önemlidir.
There is lack of knowledge about main plant protection problems and the status of virus diseases of tomatoes production in greenhouses with good agricultural practices (GAPs) in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of Turkey. This study was conducted to determinate virus diseases, their infection rates and vectors in tomatoes grown in greenhouses with GAPs in EMR (Adana, Hatay and Mersin provinces) where an important location of tomato production of Turkey is. Main plant protection problems of greenhouse tomatoes production with GAPs in the region were also investigated. Survey, symptom observation, DAS-ELISA, biological indexing and DAPI (DNA staining) techniques were used for detection of viruses and phytoplasmas, and other main diseases and pests. A questionnaire survey research was also conducted to collect the general information about the status of greenhouse tomato production with GAPs from producer in EMR. According to DAS-ELISA results, the many of the investigated virus (AMV, CMV, PLRV, PVX and TMV) were not found in tomato plants in greenhouse production with GAPs. However, at the end of the production period, TYLCV, PVY and TSWV were found in suspected samples with low rates (8.5%, 6.3% and 4.2%, respectively). Inoculated plants were kept at least 5-6 weeks under controlled con¬ditions in an insect-proof greenhouse at 24 ±2°C with a photoperiod 8/16 hours (night/day) for symptom observation. Phytoplasma infection was detected in 2 tomato samples taken from greenhouses using conventional agricultural practices (CAPs) in tomato production by DAPI- fluorescence microscopy. More damages caused, by Bemisia tabaci, Tetranychus urticae and Tuta absoluta were observed in greenhouse tomato production with CAPs. Mild damages of the same pests were also observed in a few plants in a greenhouse using GAPs.According to questionnaire surveys, all the producer were using yellow sticky traps in the both GAPs and CAPs tomato production systems in EMR. According to results of the study, GAPs in tomato production was mainly concentrated in Tarsus and Erdemli districts of Mersin and border areas of Adana in EMR. GAPS in greenhouse tomato production was not found in Hatay, which has a very high production potential. Dissemination of GAPs in plant production in our region and also in our country is very important to develop new perspectives for environmental health in agricultural activities a more efficient and preferable agricultural production in Turkey.
There is lack of knowledge about main plant protection problems and the status of virus diseases of tomatoes production in greenhouses with good agricultural practices (GAPs) in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of Turkey. This study was conducted to determinate virus diseases, their infection rates and vectors in tomatoes grown in greenhouses with GAPs in EMR (Adana, Hatay and Mersin provinces) where an important location of tomato production of Turkey is. Main plant protection problems of greenhouse tomatoes production with GAPs in the region were also investigated. Survey, symptom observation, DAS-ELISA, biological indexing and DAPI (DNA staining) techniques were used for detection of viruses and phytoplasmas, and other main diseases and pests. A questionnaire survey research was also conducted to collect the general information about the status of greenhouse tomato production with GAPs from producer in EMR. According to DAS-ELISA results, the many of the investigated virus (AMV, CMV, PLRV, PVX and TMV) were not found in tomato plants in greenhouse production with GAPs. However, at the end of the production period, TYLCV, PVY and TSWV were found in suspected samples with low rates (8.5%, 6.3% and 4.2%, respectively). Inoculated plants were kept at least 5-6 weeks under controlled con¬ditions in an insect-proof greenhouse at 24 ±2°C with a photoperiod 8/16 hours (night/day) for symptom observation. Phytoplasma infection was detected in 2 tomato samples taken from greenhouses using conventional agricultural practices (CAPs) in tomato production by DAPI- fluorescence microscopy. More damages caused, by Bemisia tabaci, Tetranychus urticae and Tuta absoluta were observed in greenhouse tomato production with CAPs. Mild damages of the same pests were also observed in a few plants in a greenhouse using GAPs.According to questionnaire surveys, all the producer were using yellow sticky traps in the both GAPs and CAPs tomato production systems in EMR. According to results of the study, GAPs in tomato production was mainly concentrated in Tarsus and Erdemli districts of Mersin and border areas of Adana in EMR. GAPS in greenhouse tomato production was not found in Hatay, which has a very high production potential. Dissemination of GAPs in plant production in our region and also in our country is very important to develop new perspectives for environmental health in agricultural activities a more efficient and preferable agricultural production in Turkey.
Description
Keywords
Ziraat, Agriculture
