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Öğe Identification of germin isoforms in wheat callus(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2004) Caliskan, M; Turet-Sayin, M; Turan, C; Cuming, ACApplication of auxin causes cells of the wheat embryo to undergo dedifferentiation and form callus tissue. The synthesis of germin isoforms (G, G' and psiG) has been selectively associated with different phases of embryonic development and callus formation. G and G' germin isoforms are found to be associated with germination. psiG is an embryogenesis related germin isoform. It is clearly important to distinguish whether callus induction caused a precocious initiation of embryonic maturation-specific pseudogermin synthesis, or whether it effected a switch in the pattern of protein synthesis; eliciting accumulation of the normally germination-related germin proteins. To distinguish between these alternatives, it is necessary to identify the germin protein isoforms accumulated during callus formation. Following the electrophoretic separation of callus protein extracts, the position of germin isomers were detected by Western-blotting. The immunoreactive polypeptides accumulating in callus tissue were determined to be exclusively germin, rather than psiG.Öğe Isoenzyme variation in two allopatric populations of Hedysarum pogonocarpum Boiss. (Fabaceae), a Turkish endemic(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2006) Caliskan, M; Yavuz, A; Aktoklu, EThere are difficulties in the morphological classification of two populations of Hedysarum pogonocarpum Boiss. in Turkey. Isozyme electrophoresis was employed to examine the genetic structure relationships of these two populations of H. pogonocarpum. Alcohol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycomutase isozymes were analysed by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis among the progeny grown from seeds collected from the Malatya and Kahramanmaras regions where it is the natural range of H. pogonocarpum. Of the four loci identified, ADH, MDH-1, MDH-2, PGM-2, only MDH-2 was monomorphic in both populations. The proportion of polymorphic loci in both populations of H. pogonocarpum was thus 75%, and the average allele number at each locus was 1.8. ADH isoenzymes in both populations were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, whereas for the MDH-1 locus there was more heterozygosity (P < 0.001) than expected. While the Kahramanmaras population was found to be in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the PGM-2 locus, the Malatya population displayed considerable deficiency (P < 0.01) in heterozygosity. About 10% of the total genetic variation was due to the interpopulational differentiation. The level of gene flow was found to be 2.05 per generation. Nei's genetic distance coefficient (0.112) and genetic identity (0.888) propose that two populations analysed could be accepted as subspecies of H. pogonocarpum. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Isolation and localization of new germination-related sequences from wheat embryos(Springer Singapore Pte Ltd, 2003) Caliskan, M; Bashiardes, S; Ozcan, B; Cuming, ACSubtractive library hybridization was used to isolate the cDNA clones that corresponded to the transcripts that were specifically up-regulated during wheat embryo germination. The clones with numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, and 26 appeared to be more abundant in germinating wheat embryos. Among the isolated clones, we identified four new members of the wheat germin gene family. We also identified two novel sequences which exhibited distinct germination up-regulation, and displayed characteristic spatial patterns of expression. One of these, represented by clone pSB10, was principally expressed in the root tissue of germinating embryos. The second was represented by the pSB7 clone and was expressed in both the root and shoot primordia of the embryonic axis, as well as within the coleoptile.Öğe Localization of germin genes and their products in developing wheat coleoptiles(Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte Ltd, 2004) Caliskan, M; Ozcan, B; Turan, C; Cuming, ACGermination is a process which characterized with nescient synthesis of genes. Among the genes synthesized during the germination of wheat embryos, germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were defined. Germin is a water soluble homopentameric glycoprotein which is remarkable resistant to degradation by a broad range of proteases including pepsin. Germin proteins found to have strong oxalate oxidase activity which produces hydrogen peroxide by degrading oxalic acid. The current study, aimed to localize the germin genes, proteins and enzymatic activities in developing coleoptiles which is a rapidly growing protective tissue of leaf primordium and shoot apex. Non-radioactively labeled germin riboprobes were employed to localize germin mRNAs in situ. FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) and alkaline phosphatase linked anti-germin antibodies were used to localize germin proteins under the fluorescence and light microscopy and finally germin enzymatic activity was localized by using appropriate enzyme assay. The results revealed that in coleoptiles germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were predominantly associated with the cells of epidermis and vascular bundle sheath cells.Öğe Phylogenetic relationships of nine mullet species (Mugilidae) in the Mediterranean Sea(Springer, 2005) Turan, C; Caliskan, M; Kucuktas, HPhylogenetic relationships among four genera and nine species (Mugil cephalus, Mugil soiuy, Liza ramada, Liza aurata, Liza abu, Liza saliens, Liza carinata, Chelon labrosus, Oedalechilus labeo) of the Mediterranean mullets (Mugilidae) were investigated by means of allozyme electrophoresis using a seven-enzyme system (CK*, GAPDH*, G3PDH*, IDHP*, ME*, MDH*, PGM*) comprising eleven putative loci. The highest genetic divergence was 1.299, detected between M. cephalus and L. aurata and the lowest (0.280) was found between L. carinata and L. saliens. The amount of genetic divergence between the genera Chelon and Oedalechilus did not appear to be high (0.285). In a UPGMA tree, all nine species were grouped in two main branchings. In the first branch, C. labrosus and O. labeo clustered as closest taxa and were sister group to L. ramada. The other four Liza species produced two sub-branching in this group; L. carinata branched together with L. saliens, and L. aurata branched together with L. abu. In the second branch the two species of the genus Mugil, M. cephalus and M. soiuy, clustered together and were clearly isolated from the other three genera.
