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Öğe Adolescents' skepticism toward advertising: A study in Turkish culture(Bilgesel Yayincilik San & Tic Ltd, 2010) Ural, TulinAdolescents' skepticism toward advertising: a study in Turkish Culture This study aims to investigate adolescents' skepticism toward advertising and examines factors affecting their skeptical attitudes toward advertising. The sample for the study includes high-school students. They were selected using cluster sampling method and the data were collected by face to face interviews. The scales were tested by exploratoty factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis and the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The results show that Turkish adolescents are highly skeptical in their attitudes toward advertising. It has been also found that parents and peers play an important role in shaping adolescents' skeptical attitudes. However there is no significant relationship between the extent of television watching and skeptical attitudes toward advertising. Parents and peer environments, especially concept-oriented communication among family members, positively affect the market knowledge of adolescents. The behavioral consequences of adolescents' disbelief of ads have also been tested. Turkish adolescents rely on other information sources (Such as; consumer continents, parents, peers, internet, etc.) rather than television advertisements when they make a decision to purchase any product.Öğe The antecedents and consequences of relationship quality according to stages of the relationship between exporters and importers(LLC CPC Business Perspectives, 2007) Ural, TulinThis study aims to explore the dynamics of relationship quality based on conceptual nature. The study is narrative review. It explains the antecedents and consequences of relationship quality in international setting. Three antecedent groups improving relationship quality are defined as the situational, emotional and relational dimensions. Additionally, three type performances are determined separately: Importer-focused outcomes, exporter-focused outcomes and dyadic outcomes. Each antecedent of relationship quality has the different weight from exploration stage to decline stage. Finally, implications for researchers and practitioners are presented. © Tulin Ural, 2007.Öğe Consumer responses to process and outcome failures in service firms(LLC CPC Business Perspectives, 2008) Ural, TulinThis study aims to explain the effect of consumer's value orientation on his/her dissatisfaction with service failures by applying hierarchical regression approach. Consumer responses to service failures are a function of consumer value orientation. The author identified two aspects of the universal values: face consciousness (FC) and fate submissiveness (FS). Two types of service failure were also identified as process and outcome. The findings show that the interaction effect of FC with failure type is significant although there isn't the direct effect of FC on consumers' overall dissatisfaction with service failure. The effect of FC on consumer dissatisfaction is stronger for a process failure than for an outcome failure. There is the significant moderator effect of FS on overall dissatisfaction with service failure. Consumers who are higher in FS are less dissatisfied with a service failure. Hence, the effect of FS on consumer dissatisfaction is stronger for an outcome failure than for a process failure, as opposite to FC. Consumers have different sensitivities toward the two failure types. In terms of demographic characteristics of consumer, the age and income affect to dissatisfaction with process and outcome failure. The present study enriches our understanding about both the impact of consumer value orientations and failure type on consumer's dissatisfaction. The useful implementations for researchers and practitioners are presented. © Tulin Ural, 2008.Öğe The effects of firm's strategic factors on export and firm performance: A comparison of permanent and sporadic Exporters(LLC CPC Business Perspectives, 2006) Ural, Tulin; Acaravc, Songul KakilliThis study aims to explain the effects of firm's strategic factors on export and economic performance of Turkish manufacturing sector. The firm's key strategic factors are determined as three groups: the first group consists of the firm's competitive home position factors such as market share and labour productivity, the second group consists of the firm's growth strategies such as market penetration, innovation and diversification, and the third one consists of the firm's structural factors such as firm size and capital intensity. The study also examines the differences between permanent exporters and sporadic exporters based on these firm's strategic factors. In this study panel data analysis is used. The results of the model show that (1) market share, firm size, labour productivity and capital intensity affect significantly the firm's economic performance, (2) export intensity isn't related to the firm's economic performance, (3) R&D intensity and labour productivity affect negatively the firm's export intensity, (4) product and industrial diversifactions affect positively the permanent exporter's economic performance. While industrial diversifaction affects negatively, firm size and labour productivity affect positively the sporadic exporter's economic performance. The effect of industrial diversification on firm's economic performance is different both for permanent exporters and sporadic exporters. (5) industrial diversifaction affects negatively the permanent exporter's export intensity while it affects positively the sporadic exporter's export intensity. The effect of industrial diversification on firm's export intensity is different both for permanent exporters and sporadic exporters. This study contributes to a new strategic implication of export activity in business research. © Tulin Ural, Songul Kakilli Acaravci, 2006.Öğe The effects of relationship quality on export performance A classification of small and medium-sized Turkish exporting firms operating in single export-market ventures(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2009) Ural, TulinPurpose - The purpose of this paper was to empirically examine the effects of relationship quality between exporter and importer on export performance in Turkish firms, and further, how small and medium-sized exporting firms are segmented based on quality of their relationship with importers. Design/methodology/approach - The paper includes Structural Equation Modeling and Cluster Analysis. Findings - The findings demonstrate that there is the positive impact of: information sharing on financial export performance and satisfaction with the export venture; long-term orientation on financial export performance, strategic export performance and satisfaction with the export venture; and satisfaction with the relationship on financial performance, strategic performance and satisfaction with export venture. Three segments of firm are profiled such as long-term thinkers, dissatisfactioners and information keepers. Research limitations/implications - The data incorporate only the view of one player (the exporter) around the exporter-importer relationship and do not take into account views from the other side of the dyad. However, since this study focused on first, the measuring relationship quality from the exporter's perspective and, second, the formation of exporter relationships as perceived by the exporter, ideal participants to be examined in this study are exporters. Future researches should be encouraged to test similar hypotheses in other international settings and compare their findings. Practical implications - Information exchange between exporter and importer fosters the export performance of small and medium sized firms. If exporters openly enter into contact with importers and share confidential information and strategic issues, satisfaction with export venture will be increased. The long run relationships will probably involve cooperation, goal sharing and risk sharing. Export managers should work by cooperative manner, avoid the short-term alternatives instead of long-term benefits and not act opportunistically. Relational satisfaction impacts to the financial and strategic export performances, and satisfaction with the export venture. When an exporter meets the expectations of importer based on evaluations of the tangible product or non-product related attributes such as delivery, service, or relational investments, his/her export performance will improve. Originality/value - This study can increase exporting firms' awareness and understanding about relationship quality in handling international operations. Additionally, this study differs from similar studies, which are related to relationships quality, by suggesting a classification of firms based on relational quality dimensions. Therefore, it provides more specific knowledge.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF S-O-R THEORY: THE CASE OF ANTAKYA - HATAY(2021) Ural, Tulin; Oypan, OğuzIn recent years, the degradation of the natural environment and the misused of resourceshave led to the conclusion that the environment must be protected. In this context, consumers havestarted to attach more importance to organic farming practices and organic foods than ever before.However, although organic farming practices have increased significantly, the rate of purchasingorganic foods by consumers is still low. In this study, the hypothesis that environmental imagecreates environmental trust and satisfaction and this positively affects the environmental word-ofmouth intention is discussed based on organic foods. The first study of this hypothesis based onorganic foods constitutes the original value of this study. A field study was conducted onhouseholds living in Antakya-Hatay to test the relationships in the conceptual model adapted byMehriban and Russell. By using a field sampling method, research data were collected with a faceto-face survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling were appliedin the analysis of the data. The findings show that the environmental image of organic foods(stimuli) leads to positive effect on the environmental word-of-mouth intention for organic foods(response), if it creates environmental trust on organic foods and environmentalsatisfaction with organic foods (organism).Öğe ROLE OF INNOVATION CAPABILITY AND APPROPRIABILITY REGIME IN INTERNATIONALIZATION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH FIRMS(Natl Acad Management, 2012) Ural, Tulin; Acaravci, Songul KakilliThis study aims to explain the role of the firms' innovative capabilities and the appropriability regime level (ability to profit from innovations) as potential antecedents of the firms' internationalization. For this purpose, we employ panel least squares with group dummy variables method using a sample which includes 154 firms in 8 manufacturing sectors traded at the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). The research findings show that innovative capability of the firms has major impact on internationalization while appropriability regime is insignificant.Öğe SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL REFLECTIONS OF HISTORICAL ADS: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE ADVERTISEMENTS PUBLISHED IN HATAY NEWSPAPER IN 1938(Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, 2019) Ural, Tulin; Ozkaya Duman, Olcay; Oypan, OguzThis study aims to evaluate the features, socio-economic and cultural aspects of the advertisements of Hatay Newspaper which was published in 1938, by content analysis. Ad texts were analyzed according to the structured and systematized coding scheme. In the research findings, simplicity of the advertisements, plain narration, being as an announcement and direct expression appear as the main features of that period. Information strategy was mostly used as a message strategy. Also, it's observed that typography of advertisement is strong and that the print and punctuation marks are based on artistic and design. In parallel to the saving campaign in Turkey, bank advertisements; in parallel with the literacy campaign, printing-house ads; and in parallel to the clothing revolution, tailor's workshops ads are seen. Reflections of tendencies such as going to cinema and holidaying are seen in cinema and hotel advertisements. Although Turkish is accepted as the official language, it can be said that Arabic words are frequently used in the language and thus, the advertisements reflect the transition period in the language. The original value of the study is examined for the first time the past advertisement texts of a local newspaper in Hatay and, contributed to Turkey's advertising history literature.Öğe SYSTEM VIEW ON ANALYSIS OF FIRM PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF GREEN MARKETING PRACTICES(Natl Acad Management, 2012) Ural, TulinGreening the firm is raising concern for marketing managers. This study aims to examine the impact of the extent of green marketing practices on firm performance based on the environmental marketing systems model. The main research finding is that the extent of green marketing practices implemented by large Turkish firms relates positively with the green performance, competitive advantage and financial performance.Öğe System view on analysis of firm performance effects of green marketing practices(2012) Ural, TulinGreening the firm is raising concern for marketing managers. This study aims to examine the impact of the extent of green marketing practices on firm performance based on the environmental marketing systems model. The main research finding is that the extent of green marketing practices implemented by large Turkish firms relates positively with the green performance, competitive advantage and financial performance. © Tulin Ural, 2012.Öğe Tüketicilerin Sosyal Medyada Yer Alan Kişisel Verilerinin İşletmeler TarafındanKullanılmasına Yönelik Rahatlık Algısını Etkileyen Faktörler(2020) Ural, Tulin; Oypan, OğuzAmaç – Çalışmanın temel amacı, tüketicilerin sosyal medyada paylaştıkları kişisel bilgilerin (kamuya açıklanmış bilgiler) işletmeler tarafından pazarlama amaçlı (hedefli reklamcılık, müşteri ilişkileri ve veri madenciliği) kullanılmasına yönelik hissettikleri rahatlık algısını incelemektir. Yöntem – Çalışmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi uygulanmış olup, araştırma verileri facebook üzerinden toplanmıştır. Veriler SmartPLS programı kullanılarak yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ve önem-performans haritası analizleri ile test edilmiştir. Bulgular – Araştırma sonucunda, sosyal medyaya yönelik algılanan riskin, medyada paylaşılan kişisel bilgilerin işletmeler tarafından pazarlama amacıyla kullanmasına yönelik pazarlama rahatlık algısını negatif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği saptanmıştır. Sosyal medyaya yönelik algılanan faydanın, pazarlama rahatlık algısını pozitif yönde ve anlamlı etkilediği, fakat kendini açıklamanın pazarlama rahatlık algısı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Tartışma – Çalışmada en büyük etki düzeyine sahip olan algılanan fayda değişkeni önem-performans haritası analizi ile daha derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucuna göre tüketiciler, yeni insanları tanımanın ve bu platformlarda ilişkilerini genişletmenin yararları nedeniyle, sosyal medyadaki kişisel verilerinin işletmeler tarafından kullanılması konusunda kendilerini rahat hissetmektedirler.
